Ethics approval
This study used routinely collected administrative hospital data
collected in the Certificato di assistenza al parto (CeDAP). CeDAP is
mandatory by law and is run by the Regional Health Systems which can use
personal data without individual consent to evaluate service provision
and performance. (Italian Ministry of Health. Decree July 16, 2001.
[https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2001/09/19/001G0405/sg]