Statistical Method:
All statistical analyses were performed using STATA (Version 16).[12] Weighting of patient-level observations was implemented to obtain national estimates. Propensity matching was done by the Greedy method. Multivariate regression analysis models were built by including all confounders that were significantly associated with the outcome on univariable analysis with a cutoff P-value of 0.2. Variables that were deemed important determinants of the outcomes based on literature were forced into the models. Binary outcomes such as index hospitalization mortality and complications were compared by logistic regression. For readmission comparison, we used the time to event cox regression analysis. Demographic variables were compared using the Student t-test. All p-values were two-sided, with 0.05 as a threshold for statistical significance.