Limitations
This was a retrospective study, and additional long-term follow-up is needed to confirm the results. Complete patient data follow up was approximately 84%; bias and the relatively incomplete follow-up dataset might limit the validity of our results.
Due to the limitation of a rare congenital heart disease, the small number of events might influence to the power of statistical analysis. In condition of a lower-middle income country, the post-operative sepsis and post-operative pneumonia certainly are predictors for hospital mortality, but all risk factors (included intraoperative ventricular septal defect enlargement and secondary aortic cross clamping) are interrelated.