Direct and associated research payments
Between 2014 and 2022, a total of 611 and 1220 endocrinologists, representing 7.6% and 15.3% of all endocrinologists, respectively, received one or more direct and associated research payments over the nine years. Direct and associated research payments totaled $35.2 million (1.7% of all industry payments) and $1.4 billion (66.8% of all industry payments) in inflation-adjusted values, respectively. Therefore, 68.5% of all industry payments to the endocrinologists were provided for research purposes. More than 99.9% ($1,378.7 million) of associated research payments were distributed to teaching hospitals and other institutions. Of 1336 endocrinologists receiving direct or associated research payments, 1317 (98.6%) also accepted one or more GPEOR over the nine years.
Table 2 shows the annual direct and associated research payments to the endocrinologists. Only 1.6% to 3.0% of endocrinologists received direct research payments each year. Similarly, 6.0% to 9.3% of endocrinologists annually received associated research payments from the healthcare industry between 2014 and 2022. Median annual per-physician payments ranged from $1,710 (IQR: $532–$7,160) to $4,956 (IQR: $1,865–$26,679) in direct research payments and from $40,300 (IQR: $7,715–$179,700) to $66,163 (IQR: $16,631–$238,199) in associated research payments.