Variables Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
General paymentsa,b
Total payment amounts, $
88,903,520
91,980,720
85,212,750
95,210,529
79,586,689
68,562,772
34,955,504
34,055,666
37,211,493
Total payment contracts, n
309,406
344,276
346,762
337,222
306,517
285,485
161,753
184,880
198,145
Number of physicians with payments, n (%)
4997 (62.5)
5290 (66.1)
5437 (68.0)
5333 (66.7)
5242 (65.5)
5034 (62.9)
4119 (51.5)
4043 (50.5)
4358 (54.5)
Payments per physician, $b, c
Median (IQR)
984 (213–5,444)
927 (182–4,158)
822 (173–3,686)
784 (170–3,646)
688 (157–3,325)
667 (149–3,271)
452 (107–2,674)
534 (103–2,683)
438 (96–1,896)
Mean (SD)
17,791 (52,859)
17,388 (55,092)
15,673 (49,134)
17,853 (57,001)
15,183 (48,742)
13,620 (45,548)
8,486 (27,284)
8,423 (28,493)
8,539 (29,651)
Range
7–933,879
2–991,860
4–961,780
0.5–1,113,704
2–913,515
1–754,033
0.4–525,250
1–640,947
1–583,583
Proportion of payments hold by top endocrinologist, %d
Top 1%
29.1
31.2
29.3
30.6
30.8
34.0
36.6
38.3
37.7
Top 5%
71.6
73.2
74.0
74.7
76.3
78.6
81.1
82.2
85.8
Top 10%
90.0
90.4
90.6
91.6
92.2
92.5
93.3
93.2
94.4
Gini index
0.915
0.917
0.916
0.921
0.923
0.927
0.935
0.937
0.941