Variables Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year Payment year
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Direct research payments
Total payment amounts, $a
3,350,746
3,520,908
4,195,310
6,290,159
4,773,922
3,861,696
3,648,135
2,557,473
2,966,502
Total payment contracts, no
1168
1181
1681
1647
1476
1186
1681
776
809
Number of physicians with payments, no (%)
188 (2.4)
192 (2.4)
198 (2.5)
240 (3.0)
177 (2.2)
179 (2.2)
169 (2.1)
125 (1.6)
175 (2.2)
Payments per physician, $a,b
Median (IQR)
1,710 (532–7,160)
1,735 (317–7,582)
3,884 (1,392–13,493)
3,247 (658 –18,994)
4,956 (1,865–26,679)
3,386 (1,056–12,908)
4,068 (1,229–11,611)
2,675 (688–10,368)
3,577 (1,000–20,696)
Mean (SD)
17,823 (54,394)
18,338 (70,020)
21,188 (52,951)
26,209 (101,489)
26,971 (48,973)
21,574 (75,292)
21,587 (64,855)
20,460 (66,113)
16,951 (28,899)
Range
20–453,778
18–759,773
11–508,101
14–1,190,748
19–339,644
86–767,627
16–526,988
1–477,769
31–217,020
Gini index
0.997
0.997
0.995
0.995
0.994
0.996
0.996
0.998
0.994
Associated research payments
Total payment amounts, $a
152,664,185
177,347,747
172,387,576
170,581,666
149,034,668
168,989,253
132,365,689
135,302,217
120,195,828
Total payment contracts, no
41,926
48,144
38,142
31,517
27,679
19,071
30,708
26,234
49,647
Number of physicians with payments, no (%)
679 (8.5)
742 (9.3)
727 (9.1)
687 (8.6)
614 (7.7)
596 (7.5)
523 (6.5)
530 (6.6)
478 (6.0)
Payments per physician, $a,b
Median (IQR)
63,072 (16,161–220,674)
65,354 (11,730–211,143)
73,161 (16,664–224,631)
66,163 (16,631–238,199)
52,067 (10,094–195,194)
50,806 (11,531–213,172)
54,350 (14,106–216,449)
40,300 (7,715–179,700)
49,361 (8,875–202,904)
Mean (SD)
224,837 (506,257)
239,013 (555,904)
237,122 (544,337)
248,299 (687,210)
242,727 (793,904)
283,539 (935,753)
253,089 (808,702)
255,287 (696,575)
251,456 (633,388)
Range
8–7,782,492
18–7,350,323
44–9,744,507
7–13,531,483
2–12,793,524
29–13,927,018
28–14,722,800
18–8,473,246
7–5,508,143
Gini index
0.977
0.977
0.975
0.978
0.984
0.985
0.985
0.987
0.987