Statistics
We present the data as mean ± standard deviation for continuous
variables with a normal distribution. Median (interquartile range) was
used for continuous variables with a non-normal distribution, and as
frequency (%) for categorical variables. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
was used to assess normal distributions. Student’s t-test and the
Mann–Whitney U-test were used to compare continuous variables with
normal and non-normal distributions, respectively. Additionally, the
Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical
variables. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for paired
nonparametric quantitative variables. The McNemar test was used for
paired qualitative variables. Statistical analysis was performed using
IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh (Version 25.0 Armonk, NY, USA: IBM
Corp.).