AGEs |
Advanced glycation end products |
Akt |
Protein kinase B |
AMPK |
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
Ang II |
Angiotensin II |
Ca2+
|
Calcium |
CANA |
Canagliflozin |
CM |
Cardiomyocyte |
CMEC |
Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell |
DAPA |
Dapagliflozin |
DM |
Diabetes mellitus |
EC |
Endothelial cell |
EMPA |
Empagliflozin |
eNOS |
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
ERK |
Extracellular signal regulated kinase |
GADPH |
Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
GCX |
Glycocalyx |
HAEC |
Human aortic endothelial cell |
HCAEC |
Human coronary artery endothelial cell |
HF |
Heart failure |
HFpEF |
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction |
HIF-1α |
Hypoxia-induced factor-1α |
HKII |
Hexokinase II |
HUVEC |
Human umbilical vein endothelial cell |
ICAM-1 |
Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 |
IL |
Interleukin |
JNK |
c-Jun N terminal kinase |
MAPK |
Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
mtROS |
Mitochondrial reactive oxidative species |
NF-κB |
Nuclear factor kappa B |
NHE |
Sodium-hydrogen exchanger |
NLRP3 |
NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 |
NO |
Nitric oxide |
NOX |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase |
PI3k |
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase |
PKC |
Protein kinase C |
PON |
Ponatinib |
RAGE |
Receptor for advanced glycation end products |
ROS |
Reactive oxidative species |
SFK |
Src Family kinase |
SGLT-1/2 |
Sodium glucose co-transporter 1/2 |
SGLT-2i’s |
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors |
SMC |
Smooth muscle cell |
TNF-α |
Tumor necrosis factor-α |
VCAM-1 |
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 |
VE-cadherin |
Vascular endothelial cadherin |
VEGF |
Vascular endothelial growth factor |