References Cells/Tissues Drug (Dosage) Stimulant (Dosage) Major findings
Behnammanesh et al., 2019
HUVECs HAECs Mice aortic ECs
CANA (0-50 µM)/ 1-3 d
Angiogenesis ↓ Cell proliferation ↓ Cyclin A and retinoblastoma phosphorylation ↓
Cappetta et al., 2020 HUVECs DAPA (1 µM) NHE activity ↓
Rat vasculature
DAPA (0.1 mg/kg/d)/ 6 w
High-salt (8% NaCl)/ 11 w
VCAM-1 ↓ NF-κB ↓
Cooper et al., 2019
HAECs
EMPA (50 µM)/24 h
TNF-α (10 µg/ml)/ 24 h Wall shear stress (10 dyne/cm2)/24 h
Leukocyte-endothelium adhesion ↓ Glycocalyx integrity ↑
Ganbaatar et al., 2020 Abdominal aorta of Apo E-/- mice EMPA (20 mg/kg/d)/ 8-12 w STZ (75 mg/kg) NOX2 ↓ Macrophage accumulation ↓ Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ↓ ICAM-1↓
Gaspari et al., 2018
HUVECs
DAPA (1 nM-1 mM)/ 24 h
TNF-α (10 ng/ml)/ 24 h Hyperglycaemia (10-30 mM)/24 h
ICAM-1 ↓ VCAM-1 ↓ NF-κB ↓
Aortic sections of Apo E-/- mice
DAPA (1 mg/kg/d)/ 4 w
High-fat diet (22% fat+0.15% cholesterol)/ 20 w
ICAM-1 ↓
Juni et al., 2019 Human CMECs EMPA (1 µM)/6 h TNF-α (10 ng/ml)/6 h Cytoplasmatic ROS ↓ Mitochondrial ROS ↓ NO bioavailability ↑
Juni et al., 2021
Human CMECs
EMPA (1 µM)/6 h
Uremic serum (15%)/ 6 h
Cytoplasmatic ROS ↓ Mitochondrial ROS ↓ Mitochondrial fragmentation ↓ NO bioavailability ↑
Kaji et al., 2018 HUVECs CANA (10 µM)/12 h Co-culture with Huh7 and HepG2/24 h HUVEC proliferation ↓ Tubular formation ↓ IL-8 ↓ Angiogenin ↓ Metalloproteinase-1 ↓
Khemais-Benkhiat et al., 2020
Porcine coronary artery ECs
EMPA (0.1-100 nM)/ 30 min-96 h
High glucose (25 mmol/L)/48 or 96 h
Senescence associated‐beta‐galactosidase ↓ p-21 & p-16 protein ↓ ROS ↓ NOX ↓ eNOS & NO ↑ Glucose uptake ↓ VCAM-1 ↓
Porcine coronary segment
EMPA (100 nM)/ 30 min High glucose (25 mmol/L)/24 h SGLT-1 & 2↓ eNOS ↑ VCAM-1 ↓
Leng et al., 2016
Aortic sections of Apo E-/- mice
DAPA (1.0 mg/kg/d)/ 12 w STZ (130 mg/kg) +high-fat diet (15% fat+0.15% cholesterol)/4 w
ROS ↓ NLRP3 inflammasome ↓
Li et al., 2021 HCAECs EMPA (1 µM)/24 h DAPA (1 µM)/24 h CANA (3 µM)/24 h Cyclic stretch (1 Hz, 10%)/24 h ROS ↓ Cell permeability ↓ VE-cadherin ↑
Luo et al., 2021
HUVECs
CANA (10 & 20 µM)/ 24 h
Co-culture with HepG2/24 h
Angiogenesis ↓ VEGF-A protein ↓
Madonna et al., 2021
HAECs
EMPA (100 & 300 nM)/0-48 h DAPA (100 nM)/ 0-48 h
PON (1.7 nM)/0-48 h
Tube formation ↑ Cell viability ↑ Autophagy ↑ Senescence ↑
Mancini et al., 2018
HUVECs HAECs
CANA (10 µM)/ 6 & 24 h
IL-1β (10 ng/ml)/ 6 & 24 h
IL-6 ↓ Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ↓ Monocyte adhesion ↓ AMPK activity ↑
Nikolaou et al., 2021
Mice CMECs
EMPA (10 mg/kg/d)/ 6 w
Ischaemia (30 min)/ Reperfusion (2 h)
VEGF ↑ Superoxidedimutase 2 ↑ Cell survival ↑
Human CMECs EMPA (500 nM)/24 h Hypoxia (3 h)/ Reoxygenation (1 h) Cell viability ↑ ROS ↓
Park et al., 2021
Porcine coronary artery ECs
EMPA or sotagliflozin (100 nM)/30 min-24 h
Ang II (100 nM)
ROS ↓ SGLT-1 & 2 ↓ Senescence associated‐beta‐galactosidase ↓ eNOS & NO ↑
Porcine coronary artery ECs
EMPA or sotagliflozin (100 nM)/48 h
Microparticles from patients with coronary artery disease (10 nM)/48 h SGLT-1 & 2 ↓ eNOS & NO ↑ VCAM-1 ↓
Ortega et al., 2019
Aortic aneurysm sections of Apo E-/- mice
EMPA (3 mg/kg/d)/ 28 d Ang II (1000 ng/kg/d)/ 28 d
Macrophage infiltration ↓ p38 MAPK ↓ NF-κB ↓ VEGF ↓
HAECs EMPA (3 µM)/24 h Ang II (1 µM)/24 h Leukocyte-endothelium interactions ↓ ICAM-1 ↓ VCAM-1 ↓
Salim et al., 2016
Mice abdominal aorta
Ipragliflozin (3 mg/kg/d)/3 w
STZ (150mg/lkg)
Akt phosphorylation ↑ eNOS phosphorylation ↑ Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ↓ ICAM-1 ↓ VCAM-1 ↓
Uthman et al., 2019 HCAECs HUVECs EMPA (1 µM)/4-24 h DAPA (1 µM)/4-24 h TNF-α (10 ng/ml)/ 4-24 h ROS ↓ NO bioavailability ↑
Uthman et al., 2020 HCAECs CANA (10 µM)/16 h Lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/ml)/16 h IL-6 ↓ ERK1/2 phosphorylation ↓ AMPK phosphorylation ↑ HK II ↓
Uthman et al., 2022 HCAECs HUVECs EMPA (1 µM)/6 h TNF-α (10 ng/ml)/6 h NHE activity ↓ Intracellular Na+ ↓ ROS ↓
Zhou et al., 2018 Mice CMECs EMPA (10 mg/kg/d)/ 20 w STZ (50mg/kg)/5 d Angiogenesis ↑ Migration ↑ Wound healing ↑ Cytoplasmatic ROS ↓ Mitochondrial ROS ↓ Mitochondrial fission and fusion ↓ Senescence ↓