To demonstrate the emulator, the generated neuron’s tuning curves and the corresponding generated spikes are shown in Figure 7, B. A SPICE-made spike was encapsulated in the emulator and iteratively generated in Python following the desired tuning curve, specified by OZ’s voltage signals described above. SPICE and emulator-generated neuron tuning show high correspondence. Similar to Figure 3, D , we used our emulator to represent sinusoidal waves with 8 neurons (Figure 7, C ). The results show a very high correlation with the SPICE circuit simulation, thus demonstrating the accurate emulation of the learning core. Weight modulations in both the SPICE simulation and the emulator show comparable patterns. Similarly, high-dimensional representation (Figure 4, C ) and transformation (Figure 5, B ) demonstrate the emulator’s accuracy (Figure 7, D-E ).

Application in Adaptive Neurorobotics