Comparison of the COVID-19 and reference groups
In the COVID-19 group, 44 out of 231 (19.0%) cases were identified to be at a high risk for PE at the first-trimester screening, and this incidence was significantly higher than the 1,719 out of 13,033 (13.2%) found in the general population (p=0.012). When PE risk factors were examined individually, we found that women with COVID-19 had higher UtAPI and body mass index (BMI), higher incidence of chronic hypertension, and fewer were smokers. No significant differences were found in MAP, PlGF, maternal age, black race, or history of PE or diabetes mellitus between the COVID-19 group and the general population (Table 1).