Figure 2 Raw (a) and standardized (b) shoot length growth series (grey lines) together with the site mean (black lines). The red lines through the site means are 30-year cubic smoothing splines with a 50 percent frequency cut-off, which indicate the longer-term trends in the mean site chronologies. The individual branch series in (b) were standardized with a horizontal line through the mean. Sample depth (blue area) and Subsample Signal Strength (SSS; ; red lines) for the raw (c) and standardized (d) site chronology.