Characteristic
Pathogenic CNV
VOUS CNV
Normal CNV
P-value
N 40 20 327
Maternal age at delivery, yr 28.9 (8.0) 23.6 (6.1) 27.4 (6.4) 0.012
Maternal age at delivery, categories
<34 years 29 (72.5) 18 (90.0) 277 (84.7) 0.105
≥35 years 11 (27.5) 2 (10.0) 50 (15.3)
Maternal Body-mass-index (BMI), kg/m2 28.5 (8.5) 24.9 (4.5) 27.4 (6.6) 0.152
Maternal BMI, categories
<24.9 (under/normal weight) 15 (40.5) 12 (60.0) 142 (45.4) 0.68
25-29.9 (overweight) 9 (24.3) 4 (20.0) 78 (24.9)
≥30-34 (obese) 13 (35.1) 4 (20.0) 93 (29.7)
Maternal race/ethnicity
white non-Hispanic 12 (30.0) 8 (40.0) 132 (40.5) 0.019
black, non-Hispanic 2 (5.0) 4 (20.0) 68 (20.9)
Hispanic 23 (57.5) 5 (25.0) 108 (33.1)
Other 3 (7.5) 3 (15.0) 18 (5.5)
Maternal education, yr 12.7 (3.6) 12.5 (2.5) 13.0 (3.0) 0.678
Maternal education, categories
Less than college 21 (60.0) 12 (60.0) 149 (49.0) 0.325
College or more 14 (40.0) 8 (40.0) 155 (51.0)
Insurance/method of payment
any assistance 22 (55.0) 13 (65.0) 185 (56.6) 0.738
commercial/HMO/Military 18 (45.0) 7 (35.0) 142 (43.4)
Smoked 3 months prior to pregnancy 6 (17.1) 3 (15.0) 58 (19.1) 0.876
Parity
Nulliparous 15 (37.5) 10 (50.0) 147 (45.1) 0.582
Multiparous 25 (62.5) 10 (50.0) 179 (54.9)
Clinical history: Hypertension 4 (10.0) 3 (15.0) 32 (9.8) 0.754
Preeclampsia/Hypertension 3 (7.7) 2 (10.5) 33 (10.5) 0.862
Clinical history: Diabetes (type 1 or 2) 3 (7.5) 2 (10.0) 17 (5.2) 0.581
Gestational Diabetes 4 (10.0) 1 (5.0) 13 (4.0) 0.232
Preterm birth 38 (95.0) 16 (80.0) 269 (82.3) 0.112
Fetal sex: male 24 (60.0) 12 (60.0) 164 (50.3) 0.385
Any fetal structural anomaly 23 (67.6) 3 (15.8) 56 (18.8) <.001