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\begin{document}

\title{PRE-DOMESTICATION BOTTLENECKS OF THE CULTIVATED SEAWEED GRACILARIA
CHILENSIS}



\author[1]{Oscar Huanel}%
\author[2]{Suany Quesada-Calderón}%
\author[2]{Sarai Morales-González}%
\author[2]{Pablo Saenz-Agudelo}%
\author[3]{Stephane Mauger}%
\author[4]{Wendy Nelson}%
\author[5]{Natalia Arakaki}%
\author[2]{Cristian Ríos-Molina}%
\author[6]{Sylvain Faugeron}%
\author[7]{Marie-Laure Guillemin}%
\affil[1]{Pontifical Catholic University of Chile}%
\affil[2]{Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567}%
\affil[3]{IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Station Biologique}%
\affil[4]{National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA),Private Bag 14-901,Wellington 6241, New Zealand}%
\affil[5]{Instituto del Mar del Perú, Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acuáticos, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle s/n, Chucuito}%
\affil[6]{Millenium Nucleus Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D}%
\affil[7]{Millenium Nucleus Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Gracilaria chilensis is the main cultivated seaweed in Chile. The low
genetic diversity observed in the Chilean population has been associated
with the over-exploitation of natural beds and/or the founder effect
that occurred during the post-glacial colonization from New Zealand. How
these processes have affected its evolutionary trajectory before farming
and incipient domestication is poorly understood. In this study, we used
2,232 SNPs to assess how the species evolutionary history in New Zealand
(its region of origin), the founder effect linked to transoceanic
dispersion and colonization of South America, and the recent
over-exploitation of natural populations have influenced the genetic
architecture of G. chilensis in Chile. The contrasting patterns of
genetic diversity and structure observed between the two main islands in
New Zealand attest to the important effects of Quaternary glacial cycles
on G. chilensis. ABC analyses indicated that Chatham Island and South
America were colonized independently near the end of the Last Glacial
Maximum and emphasized the importance of coastal and oceanic currents
during that period. Furthermore, ABC analyses inferred the existence of
a recent and strong genetic bottleneck in Chile, matching the period of
over-exploitation of the natural beds during the 1970s, followed by
rapid demographic expansion linked to active clonal propagation used in
farming. Recurrent genetic bottlenecks strongly eroded the genetic
diversity of G. chilensis prior to its cultivation, raising important
challenges for the management of genetic resources in this incipiently
domesticated species.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Population genomics of Gracilaria chilensis consolidated.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/463081/articles/558289-pre-domestication-bottlenecks-of-the-cultivated-seaweed-gracilaria-chilensis}

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