Background
There is a 100-fold increase in risk for colorectal adenocarcinoma in patients who underwent urinary diversion by ureterocolic anastomosis, usually by ureterosigmoidostomy for bladder exstrophy [1]. After recognizing this association, surgeons converted many patients who had previously undergone ureterosigmoidostomy as neonates to ileal loop urinary diversion when they reached adulthood. It has been recommended that patients who have an intact ureterosigmoidostomy undergo yearly screening flexible sigmoidoscopy, as well as patients who had been converted to another form of urinary diversion, but had the ureterosigmoidostomy anastomosis left intact [2, 3]. Herein we report a case of sigmoid adenocarcinoma developing in a patient with a remote history of neonatal ureterosigmoidostomy and subsequent revision to ileal loop urinary diversion, who was not undergoing enhanced screening. We present the following case in accordance with the CARE reporting checklist.