Background
There is a 100-fold increase in risk for colorectal adenocarcinoma in
patients who underwent urinary diversion by ureterocolic anastomosis,
usually by ureterosigmoidostomy for bladder exstrophy [1]. After
recognizing this association, surgeons converted many patients who had
previously undergone ureterosigmoidostomy as neonates to ileal loop
urinary diversion when they reached adulthood. It has been recommended
that patients who have an intact ureterosigmoidostomy undergo yearly
screening flexible sigmoidoscopy, as well as patients who had been
converted to another form of urinary diversion, but had the
ureterosigmoidostomy anastomosis left intact [2, 3]. Herein we
report a case of sigmoid adenocarcinoma developing in a patient with a
remote history of neonatal ureterosigmoidostomy and subsequent revision
to ileal loop urinary diversion, who was not undergoing enhanced
screening. We present the following case in accordance with the CARE
reporting checklist.