Age (years) |
58.6 ± 13.2 |
65.5 ± 12.7 |
<0.001 |
Race
Caucasian
African American
Other
|
292 (80.9)
51 (14.1)
18 (5.0)
|
201 (83.4)
32 (13.3)
7 (2.9)
|
0.429
|
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
30.1 ± 6.51 |
29.9 ± 6.97 |
0.795 |
Hypertension |
264 (73.13) |
193 (80.42) |
0.040 |
Diabetes mellitus |
37 (10.25) |
26 (10.83) |
0.819 |
Chronic lung disease |
40 (11.08) |
46 (19.17) |
0.006 |
Chronic kidney disease |
11 (3.05) |
2 (0.83) |
0.087 |
Peripheral vascular disease |
119 (32.96) |
88 (36.67) |
0.350 |
Atrial fibrillation |
34 (9.42) |
27 (11.25) |
0.466 |
Coronary artery disease |
57 (15.79) |
29 (12.08) |
0.204 |
Redo sternotomy |
50 (13.85) |
22 (9.17) |
0.083 |
Bicuspid aortic valve |
21 (5.82) |
6 (2.50) |
0.055 |
Preoperative hematocrit |
39.6 ± 6.06 |
36.8 ± 5.79 |
<0.001 |
Aortic insufficiency ≥ moderate |
159 (44.04) |
93 (38.75) |
0.198 |
Ejection fraction |
54.8 ± 9.56 |
56.1 ± 9.47 |
0.097 |
Tamponade, rupture, or shock |
111 (30.75) |
76 (31.67) |
0.812 |
Any malperfusion syndrome |
121 (33.52) |
69 (28.75) |
0.218 |
Type of malperfusion syndrome
Cerebral
Coronary
Visceral
Renal
Iliofemoral
|
45 (12.5)
26 (7.2)
23 (6.4)
25 (6.9)
61 (16.9)
|
29 (12.1)
16 (6.7)
12 (5.0)
11 (4.6)
24 (10.0)
|
0.889
0.801
0.482
0.236
0.018
|