Figure 9: Body fat mass in grams throughout the study period. D+A; diabetic mice treated with Vitamin A.*P<0.05 compared to control undiabetic mice. **P<0.05 compared to diabetic mice.
The untreated group of diabetic mice showed a significant decrease (P  < 0.001) in the activities of CAT (by −80.1% 3.79 ± 0.11), GPO (by – 80%, 2.98 ± 0.04), and SOD (by −76.9%, 127.3 ± 2.1) compared with that of normal mice. On the other hand, diabetic mice treated with Vitamin A revealed a significant increase (P  < 0.001) in the levels of the previous antioxidant enzymes; CAT, GPO, and SOD (by 206%, 547%, 309% respectively), compared with that of the untreated diabetic mice.
On the contrary, the level of MDA was significantly elevated (P  < 0.001) in the untreated diabetic induced mice (by 291%, 56.66 ± 1.7) compared with the normal mice (15.22 ± 0.05). Diabetic mice treated with vitamin A showed a significant lowering (P  < 0.001) in the level of MDA (28.44 ± 0.2) in comparison with untreated diabetic ones (Table 1).
Table 1. Effects of Vitamin A on the biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic-induced mice after 16 weeks of treatment. Data are shown as the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM).