Parameters Control Mice Diabetic-induced  mice groups
Untreated Treated with Vitamin A
Catalase (k/mg protein)
Mean ± SEM 19.13 ± 0.07 3.79 ± 0.11 11.6 ± 0.4
% Improvement 40.4%,
% Change  - 80.1% a -39.40% a
206.00% b
Significance P < 0.001a P < 0.001a
(ANOVA, P) P < 0.001b
Glutathione peroxidase (U/mg protein)
Mean ± SEM 14.90 ± 0.07 2.98 ± 0.04 6.74 ± 0.03
% Improvement 25.30%
% Change -  80% a -53.40% a
574% b
Significance P < 0.001a P < 0.001a
(ANOVA, P) P < 0.001b
Superoxide dismutase (U/mg)
Mean ± SEM 552.42 ± 6.2 127.3 ± 2.1 520.2 ± 2.5
% Improvement 71.10%
% Change  - 76.9 % a -5.30% a
309% b
Significance P < 0.001a P < 0.001a
(ANOVA, P) P < 0.001b
Malonaldehyde (nmol/g)
Mean ± SEM 15.22 ± 0.05 59.66 ± 1.7 28.44 ± 0.2
% Improvement -205%
% Change 291% -52.30% a
-71.60% b
Significance P < 0.001a P < 0.001a
(ANOVA, P) P < 0.001b