Divergence time estimates
The MCMCTREE program of PAML v4.9 package (Yang, 2007) was used to
estimate divergence times with the approximate likelihood calculation
method based on
five
fossil calibration points. These included an internal calibration for
Dikraneurini (minimum age) based on a fossil from Dominican amber and
three additional calibrations providing minimum age estimates for the
outgroups Mileewini, Evacanthinae, and Cicadellinae (Table 1). The age
of the root node was constrained based on the more comprehensive
molecular timetree of Membracoidea provided by Dietrich et al. (2017).
The input tree was retrieved from the PMSF topology. Two priors for the
rgene gamma and sigma 2 gamma were set to (2, 20, 1) and (1, 10, 1),
respectively. We used an independent rates model and alpha of 0.5. The
first 104 iterations were discarded as burn-in, and
10,000 samples were sampled every 5 iterations.