Quality assessment
In selected RCTs quality was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration
Risk-of-Bias Instrument.36 Quality assessment was
performed by two independent authors and any disagreements were
discussed and resolved by a third reviewer.A majority of RCTs were
double-blind and were conducted across multiple centers, we rated 3 out
of 24 RCTs as “high risk” because they had blinding of
bias24 27,30.The more details on
quality assessment results are shown in Supplemental figure 2a–b.
Primery efficacy oftopical therapies at 4–12
weeks
All RCTs that reported the number of patients who achieved PGA0/1 or
IGA0/1 were included in the network.NAM showed that all treatments were
significantly more effective than vehicle,expect tofacitinib
cream(OR1.39,95%CI0.88 to 2.19).(Table 1)According to the SUCRA,
Cumulative ranking probabilities for treatment success showed that
Cal/BD performed best(SUCRA
97.2),followed by tapinarof
cream(SUCRA 85.7) and
betamethasone(SUCRA 75.6) (
Supplemental table 4). Compared with
vehicle, Cal/BD had the highest
treatment success rate(OR 10.35,95%CI7.40 to 14.48) followed by
tapinarof cream(OR 8.28,95%CI 5.35 to 12.82)( Supplemental figure
3a).No evidence of inconsisitency was showed for primery efficacy.(P=
0.405 )
Most effective treatment is
Cal/BD,formulation
fall mainly into five categories: PADTMTechnology
cream(PAD-cream),topical
suspension(TS),ointment, aerosol foam(AF),gel. The subgroup analysis
according to drug formulation, according to the SUCRA, aerosol
foam(96.3) was ranked the best among the five formulation. (Supplemental
table 5).