Study (author/year) Study (author/year)
Country
Sample Size (intervention/control) Sample Size (intervention/control) Gender (M/F) Mean Age ASA Status (Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ)
Intervention
Type of Surgery
Does of Opioid
W. Jaksch 2002 Austria Austria Austria 15/15 15/15 31.5 NA S(+)-ketamine 0. 5 mg/kg IV + 2.0 μg/kg· min continuous infusion  arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair Remifentanil 0.125-1.0 μg/kg· min
B. Guignard 2002
France
France
France
25/25
14/16
62.5
9/35/7
ketamine 0. 15 mg/kg IV + 2.0 μg/kg· min continuous infusion
open colorectal surgery
Remifentanil 0.25 μg/kg· min
A. Sahin 2004
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey
17/16
16/17
47.4
NA
ketamine 0. 5 mg/kg IV
Lumbar disk operation
Remifentanil 0.1 μg/kg· min
A. C. Van Elstraete 2004 France France France 20/20 20/20 29.0 NA ketamine 0. 5 mg/kg IV + 2.0 μg/kg· min continuous infusion elective electrodissection tonsillectomy Remifentanil 0.125-1.0 μg/kg· min
D. G. Snijdelaar 2004 Canada Canada Canada 11/10 21/0 60.0 8/12/1 amantadine 200mg orally at night and at 1h before surgery and 100mg at 8, 20, and 32 h after surgery radical prostatectomy NA
V. Joly 2005
France
France
France
24/25
18/32
57.5
21/22/7
ketamine 0. 5 mg/kg IV + 5.0 μg/kg· min continuous infusion+ 2.0 μg/kg· min for 48h after surgery
abdominal surgery
Remifentanil 0.4 μg/kg· min
J. H. Ryu 2008
Korea
Korea
Korea
25/25
0/50
42.4
37/13/0
magnesium sulphate 50 mg/kg IV + 15 mg/kg· h continuous infusion
total abdominal hysterectomy
Remifentanil TCI 4 ng/ml
S. Kaya 2009
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey
20/20
NA
50
NA
magnesium sulphate 30 mg/kg IV + 500 mg/ h continuous infusion
elective abdominal hysterectomy
Remifentanil 0.25 μg/kg· min
H. R. Jo 2011
Korea
Korea
Korea
20/20
0/40
46.1
34/6/0
pregabalin 150 mg orally
non-malignant total abdominal hysterectomy
Remifentanil TCI 3-4 ng/ml
C. Lee 2011
Korea
Korea
Korea
25/25
50/0
63.4
NA
magnesium sulfate 80 mg/kg IV
robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min
C. Lee* 2011
Korea
Korea
Korea
30/30
38/22
38.2
NA
adenosine 80 μg/kg· min continuous infusion
tonsillectomy
Remifentanil 0.1 μg/kg· min
J. W. Song 2011
Korea
Korea
Korea
28/28
11/45
46.0
NA
magnesium sulphate 30 mg/kg IV + 10 mg/kg· h continuous infusion
thyroidectomy
Remifentanil 0.2 μg/kg· min
H. Bornemann-Cimenti 2012
Germany
Germany
Germany
13/13
11/15
56.9
NA
pregabalin 300 mg orally
elective transperitoneal nephrectomy
Remifentanil 0.1~0.5 μg/kg· min
C. Lee 2013
Korea
Korea
Korea
28/29
0/57
48.7
NA
dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg IV + 0.7 μg/kg· h continuous infusion
laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min
C. Lee* 2013
Korea
Korea
Korea
31/29
31/29
50.7
NA
pregabalin 300 mg orally
laparoendoscopic single-site urologic surgery
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min
S. Treskatsch 2014
Germany
Germany
Germany
16/17
8/25
66
NA
amantadine 200 mg/500 ml solution
intra-abdominal surgery
Remifentanil 0.2 μg/kg· min
E. Choi 2015
Korea
Korea
Korea
25/25
0/50
44.1
NA
ketamine 0. 5 mg/kg IV + 5.0 μg/kg· min continuous infusion
elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min
P. C. Leal 2015
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
28/28
9/47
44.6
28/28/0
ketamine 5.0 μg/kg· min continuous infusion
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Remifentanil 0.4 μg/kg· min
H. Bornemann-Cimenti 2016
Austria
Austria
Austria
37/19
31/25
60.5
4/24/28
S(+)-ketamine 0. 25 mg/kg IV + 0.125 mg/kg· h continuous infusion or S(+)-ketamine 0.015 mg/kg· h continuous infusion
elective major abdominal surgery
Remifentanil 0.1-0.3 μg/kg· min
M. Kong 2016
China
China
China
25/25
32/18
51.5
NA
butorphanol 0. 2 μg/kg IV + 0.02 μg/kg· min continuous infusion
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min
C.-H. Koo 2016 Korea Korea Korea 27/26 33/20 63.7 NA ibuprofen 800mg IV over 30 minutes pancreaticoduodenectomy Remifentanil TCI 4ng/ml
Z. Yu 2016
China
China
China
57/29
0/86
46.1
NA
dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg IV + 0.6 μg/kg· h continuous infusion or flurbiprofen 1.5 mg/kg combination with dexmedetomidine infusion
laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min
L. Zhang 2016
China
China
China
56/28
0/84
46.0
67/NA/NA
butorphanol 20 μg/kg IV or butorphanol 20 μg/kg combined with flurbiprofen 0.5 mg/kg
elective laparoscopic gynaecological surgery
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min
C. H. Koo 2017
Korea
Korea
Korea
30/31
20/41
47.0
50/11/0
naloxone 0.05 μg/kg· min continuous infusion
thyroid surgery
Remifentanil TCI 4ng/ml
M. Mercieri 2017
Italy
Italy
Italy
31/32
34/29
64.5
6/42/15
buprenorphine 25 μg/h continuous infusion
lateral thoracotomy
Remifentanil TCI 5ng/ml
L. Zhang 2017
China
China
China
28/28
0/56
44.8
45/11/0
flurbiprofen 1.0 mg/kg IV
elective laparoscopic gynecologic surgery
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min
H. Qiu 2018
China
China
China
32/16
24/24
NA
NA
dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg IV or 0.6 μg/kg
thyroidectomy
Remifentanil 0.2 μg/kg· min
B. Sng 2018
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore
45/44
0/89
48.1
NA
S(+)-ketamine 0. 25 mg/kg IV
open abdominal hysterectomy
NA
X. Du 2019
China
China
China
60/20
NA
NA
NA
parecoxib 40 mg IV or dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg· h continuous infusion or both
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
NA
R. Gutiérrez 2019
Chile
Chile
Chile
23/24
4/43
44.5
18/29/0
ACTZ 250mg IV
total thyroidectomy without neck dissection
Remifentanil TCI 4.5 ± 0.5ng/ml
J. Hu 2020
China
China
China
24/24
11/37
50.2
24/24/0
nalbuphine 0. 2 mg/kg IV
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Remifentanil 0.4 μg/kg· min
E. Tognoli 2020
Italy
Italy
Italy
24/24
29/19
58.6
19/24/5
S(+)-ketamine 5.0 and 2.5 and 2μg/kg· min continuous infusion + methadone 2.0 mg IV
open laparotomy for anterior resection of the rectum
Remifentanil TCI 5-7ng/ml
Z. Wu 2020
China
China
China
60/29
28/61
40.0
74/15/0
dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg continuous infusion or 0.5 μg/kg
thyroidectomy
Remifentanil 0.3 μg/kg· min