3.5.1 Pain thresholds at 24h after surgery
A total of 10 studies involved 11 interventions reported pain thresholds at 24h after surgery (measured by any type of QST and in g) (Appendix4 Figure 4.1.1 ). Compared with placebo, butorphanol (SMD=2.43, 95% CI:1.65, 3.22), magnesium sulphate (SMD=1.01, 95% CI:0.14, 1.88) and dexmedetomidine (SMD=1.01, 95% CI:0.14, 1.88) mean higher pain thresholds at 24h after surgery (Appendix4 Figure 4.1.2 ). The league table (Appendix4 Figure 4.1.3 ) illustrates the results of each intervention compared to each other. In the ranking probability plot (Appendix4 Figure 4.1.4 ), flurbiprofen plus dexmedetomidine was ranked highest among 11 interventions whose SUCRA values was 98.1.