Figures 3: a) Lifetime reproductive success of control females (green filled circles) and treatment females (orange empty circles). Treatment females are females that initially mated with a 24h female-exposed male, whereas control females are females that initially mated with a control male (isolated for 24h). b) Sperm offense abilities of control males (green filled circles) and female-exposed males (orange empty circles). Sperm offense is calculated at the proportion of offspring by a focal male mating with a previously mated female. Group means are displayed inwards relative to single observations, and overlapping vertical bars show one standard error around this mean.