ECG
ECG was assessed in three studies. Two studies showed no difference in ECG parameters (respiratory sinus arrhythmia and heart rate variability) between offspring exposed to ACS and those who were not exposed41 39. One study showed in subgroup analysis that non-black offspring exposed to ACS had lower heart rate variability than those not exposed 42. This effect was greater in non-black females compared to non-black males, and no difference was found in black offspring.