Effect sizes
We calculated effect sizes as the Fisher’s z -transformation of
Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r ) (Rosenberg et al., 2013):
\begin{equation}
Z=\operatorname{}\left(\frac{1+r}{1-r}\right)\nonumber \\
\end{equation}The corresponding variance for each Z was estimated as:
\begin{equation}
Var=\frac{1}{n-3}\nonumber \\
\end{equation}where n is the sample size. Positive values of Z indicate
that increasing elevation is associated with increases in foliar fungal
disease or foliar/soil pathogens, while negative values indicate
decreases.