Figure legends
Figure 1. Effects of Elevation , soil properties (Soil PCA1 ), aboveground biomass (AGB ), Belowground biomass (BGB ), Pielou’s evenness index (Evenness ), community proneness index (Proneness ) and species richness (SR ) on (a) community pathogen load (PL ), (b) soil fungal pathogen OTU richness (sfpOTUs ) and (c) soil fungal pathogen relative abundance (sfpRA ). Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals are weighted average standardized coefficients from models with ΔAICc < 4 based on model selections (Table S4, S5, S6). Blue lines indicate significant negative effects, grey lines indicate non-significant effects, and red lines indicate significant positive effects.
Figure 2. The piecewise structural equation model. (a) The hypothesized piecewise structural equation model. Hypothesized plant community-mediated and soil-mediated association between elevation and community pathogen load and soil fungal pathogen OTU richness. Specifically, paths a-c represent the association between elevation and host plant community and soil properties, paths d, e represent the direct association between elevation and community pathogen load and soil fungal pathogen OTU richness, while paths f-h and paths i-k represent the community-mediated and soil-mediated effects on community pathogen load and soil fungal pathogen OTU richness, respectively. (b) The final piecewise structural equation model. Numbers on arrows are standardized path coefficients (scaled by their mean and standard deviation), and asterisks indicate statistical significance (***P < 0.001; * 0.01 < P < 0.05; † 0.05 < P < 0.1). Red arrows represent significant positive relationships while blue arrows represent significant negative relationships at the P < 0.1 level; gray arrows with dashed lines represent insufficient statistical evidence for path coefficients (P > 0.1). Arrow thickness is proportional to the strength of the path. Deindicates the deviance explained by predictive variables.
Figure 3. Overall result of the meta-analysis testing the associations between elevation and foliar fungal pathogen OTU richness, foliar fungal diseases, soil fungal pathogen OTU richness and soil fungal pathogen relative abundance. Shown are the mean values of the effect sizes (Z ) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).