Whole GI transit time
The total GI transit time (GTT) using Carmine red stained food pellets
was measured once per week as previously described with a few
modifications (Kini et al., 2022). Briefly, the mice were fasted
overnight (approximately 8 hours) and were placed in a clean transparent
empty cage prior to the first gavage of the day. They were then fed the
red pellets. The total GI transit time was measured as the interval
between the first food intake until the appearance of the first red
stool pellet.