Fig. 4 Flagellum mechanical induction[43]
Bacteria can also swim by rotating one or more flagella, allowing them
to reach speeds that exceed the length of many cell bodies per second[44]. When the flagellum rotates counterclockwise,
it generates a thrust that causes the bacteria to ’run’ forward. In
contrast, when the flagellum rotates clockwise to produce a ’tumble,’ it
inhibits the bacteria from swimming forward. In contrast, the swimming
bacteria can regulate the counterclockwise/clockwise rotation of the
flagellum through a complex signal [45], as shown
in Figure 4 [43]. clockwise rotation[45], as shown in Figure 4[43].
The flagellar mechanosensing of bacteria is associated with the
inhibition of flagellar rotation, with initial cell-surface ’binding’
occurring through the flagellum and surface contact, causing the
flagellar cycle to cease as the cell approaches the surface, resulting
in the timely production of polysaccharide adhesins that cause bacteria
to adhere to the surface, mediating the transition from reversible to
irreversible adhesion [33], thereby promoting
bacterial adhesion.