Table 2: LV geometrical and systolic functional parameters
Healthy Normotensives Controlled hypertension Hypertension with systolic BP 140–159 mmHg Hypertension with systolic BP ≥ 160 mmHg
Group A Group B Group C Group D
Group n 852 206 501 148
Adjusted Mean (CI) Adjusted Mean (CI) Adjusted Mean (CI) Adjusted Mean (CI) p-value **
LV ED volume (ml) 128 (124–132) 130 (126–135) 135 (131–139)* 131 (126–137) <0.001
LV ES volume (ml) 42 (40–44) 42 (39–44) 44 (42–46)* 45 (42–28) 0.005
EF biplane (%) 57.2 (56.3–58.0) 56.9 (55.9–58.0) 55.5 (54.6–56.2)*† 54.2 (53.0–55.4)*† <0.001
LV stroke Volume (biplane) (ml) 47.7 (46.1–49.3) 48.4 (46.4–50.4) 46.9 (45.2–48.9) 47.9 (45.6–50.2) 0.386
LV ED diameter (mm) 51.4 (50.7–52.0) 51.9 (51.0–52.7) 52.5 (51.1–53.0) 53.0 (51.0–52.9) 0.017
LV ES diameter (mm) 32.0 (31.5–32.6) 31.8 (31.1–32.5)* 32.5 (31.9–33.1)*† 32.8 (32.0–33.6)† <0.001
LV mass (g) 224 (217–232) 238 (228–247)* 251 (243–259)*† 253 (243–264)*† <0.001
LV mass Index (g/m2) 116 (111–120) 123 (118–129)* 130 (125–134)*† 132 (126–138)*† <0.001
Septal thickness (mm) 13.6 (13.3–13.9) 14.3 (13.9–14.7)* 14.6 (14.3–14.9)* 14.8 (14.4–15.2)* <0.001
Heart rate (bpm) 61.7 (60.2–63.3) 60.9 (58.8–62.6) 65.1(63.5–66.7)*† 66.9 (64.9–69.0)*† <0.001
Means derived from multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, height, body mass index, heart rate, atrial fibrillation and Russian/Norwegian population. CI: Confidence interval LV ED: left ventricular end-diastolic; LV ES: left ventricular end-systolic; EF: ejection fraction Pairwise comparisons between groups with adjustment for multiple comparisons: * p<0.05 for difference towards group A † p<0.05 for difference towards group B ‡ p<0.05 for difference towards group C Means derived from multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, height, body mass index, heart rate, atrial fibrillation and Russian/Norwegian population. CI: Confidence interval LV ED: left ventricular end-diastolic; LV ES: left ventricular end-systolic; EF: ejection fraction Pairwise comparisons between groups with adjustment for multiple comparisons: * p<0.05 for difference towards group A † p<0.05 for difference towards group B ‡ p<0.05 for difference towards group C Means derived from multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, height, body mass index, heart rate, atrial fibrillation and Russian/Norwegian population. CI: Confidence interval LV ED: left ventricular end-diastolic; LV ES: left ventricular end-systolic; EF: ejection fraction Pairwise comparisons between groups with adjustment for multiple comparisons: * p<0.05 for difference towards group A † p<0.05 for difference towards group B ‡ p<0.05 for difference towards group C Means derived from multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, height, body mass index, heart rate, atrial fibrillation and Russian/Norwegian population. CI: Confidence interval LV ED: left ventricular end-diastolic; LV ES: left ventricular end-systolic; EF: ejection fraction Pairwise comparisons between groups with adjustment for multiple comparisons: * p<0.05 for difference towards group A † p<0.05 for difference towards group B ‡ p<0.05 for difference towards group C Means derived from multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, height, body mass index, heart rate, atrial fibrillation and Russian/Norwegian population. CI: Confidence interval LV ED: left ventricular end-diastolic; LV ES: left ventricular end-systolic; EF: ejection fraction Pairwise comparisons between groups with adjustment for multiple comparisons: * p<0.05 for difference towards group A † p<0.05 for difference towards group B ‡ p<0.05 for difference towards group C Means derived from multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, height, body mass index, heart rate, atrial fibrillation and Russian/Norwegian population. CI: Confidence interval LV ED: left ventricular end-diastolic; LV ES: left ventricular end-systolic; EF: ejection fraction Pairwise comparisons between groups with adjustment for multiple comparisons: * p<0.05 for difference towards group A † p<0.05 for difference towards group B ‡ p<0.05 for difference towards group C