Table 3: Difference between systolic and diastolic ventricular and atrial function comparing normal with elevated NT-proBNP groups for systolic and diastolic functional parameters
EF ≥50% EF <50% Atrial Fibrillation
Group A Group B Group C
n 1716 72 162 12 61 11
Low NT-proBNP High NT-proBNP Low NT-proBNP High NT-proBNP Low NT-proBNP High NT-proBNP
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD M ean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
PACS (%) 20.6 ±6.0 19.8 ±5.9 18.3 ±7.1 13.8 ±5.2* 18.5 ±7.2 10.5 ±8.4*
ACS (%) 26.1 ±12.7 22.0 ±10.1* 19.4 ±10.4 15.2 ±7.0 23.3 ±14.1 16.7 ±12.0
ATS (%) 46.7 ±15.2 42.0 ±13.3* 37.6 ±13.9 29.0 ±10.9* 41.7 ±18.1 27.1 ±17.4
Atrial SR S (1/s) 2.45 ±0.97 2.26 ±0.92 2.09 ±0.89 1.41 ±0.62* 2.12 ±0.90 1.35 ±0.93
Atrial SR E (1/s) -2.25 ±1.03 -1.98 ±0.92* -1.67 ±0.73 -1.27 ±0.45 -1.90 ±0.99 -1.46 ±0.85
Atrial SR A (1/s) -2.90 ±0.98 -2.76 ±1.17 -2.66 ±1.09 -1.90 ±0.81 -2.58 ±1.12 -1.38 ±0.95*
LASI (1/%) 0.23 ±0.16 0.28 ±0.17* 0.34 ±0.27 0.45 ±0.25 0.41 ±1.04 1.06 ±1.73
MV E(cm/s) 67.2 ±16.2 64.8 ±16.5 60.8 ±15.7 54.0 ±14.6 67.4 ±21.3 83.2 ±51.4
MV A (cm/s) 64.1 ±15.4 64.6 ±17.3 68.2 ±16.1 71.2 ±12.4 66 ±17 62 ±26
MV E/A (1/1) 1.10 ±0.36 1.05 ±0.33 0.93 ±0.33 0.76 ±0.15 1.05 ±0.35 1.60 ±1.05*
MV DT (ms) 190 ±47 211 ±50* 198 ±48 182 ±43 182 ±47 190 ±62
LA volume index (ml/m2) 22.7 ±8.4 23.6 ±10.9 21.5 ±8.0 23.2 ±11.9 23 ±11 37 ±24*
E/e´ () 9.67 ±3.22 10.5 ±3.98* 11.0 ±4.3 12.8 ±4.7 10.8 ±5.8 12.7 ±11.0
TAPSE (cm) 2.39 ±0.40 2.33 ±0.42 2.25 ±0.41 1.9 1±0.59* 2.42 ±0.53 2.02 ±0.50*
TR PG (mmHg)‡ 16.2 (6/20) 16.5 (12/20) 14.3 (3.8/17) 4.9 (1.7/19) 17.4(3.1/17) 21.7 (13/24)
Velocity Basal Septal E (cm/s) -6.5 ±2.1 -5.9 ±1.8* -5.2 ±1.8 -4.5 ±1.6 -6.0 ±2.1 -6.3 ±2.5
Velocity Basal Lateral E (cm/s) 8.4 ±2.7 7.7 ±2.6* -6.5 ±2.6 -5.2 ±2.6 -7.6 ±2.9 -7.9 ±2.9
Velocity Basal Septal A (cm/s) -7.5 ±1.7 -7.6 ±1.7 -7.2 ±1.8 -6.7 ±2.3 -6.8 ±2.5 -5.0 ±2.8*
Velocity Basal Lateral A (cm/s) -6.9 ±2.5 -7.4 ±2.4 -6.3 ±3.0 -6.0 ±3.0 -6.5 ±2.8 -4.7 ±3.1*
LV Stoke Volume (ml) 85.7 ±22.2 82.2 ±20.1 84.8 ±22.0 71.6 ±14.6* 91.6 ±24.1 88.8 ±12.0
LV EF (%) 56.8 ±5.5 56.3 ±4.3 43.3 ±5.2 39.9 ±9.9 * 55 ±7 49 ±9*
LV EDV (ml) 129 ±32 122 ±39.7 140 ±40 151 ±41 140 ±35 152 ±64
LV ESV (ml) 43 ±16 40 ±23 56 ±27 79 ±46 * 48 ±18 64 ±61
LV mass Index (g/m2) 119 ±36 123 ±39 130 ±40 120±256 128 ±40 134 ±25
LV ES long Strain (%) -20.3 ±2.7 -19.7 ±2.7 -17.7±3.1 -15.0±5.9 * -19.9 ±4.1 -18.4 ±6.2
LV PL SR S (1/s) -1.20 ±0.20 -1.19 ±0.20 -1.12±0.21 -0.95±0.38 * -1.17 ±0.23 -1.21 ±0.34
LV PL SR E (1/s) 1.56 ±0.34 1.43 ±0.35* 1.29±0.33 1.09±0.34* 1.55 ±0.44 1.54 ±0.60
LV PL SR A (1/s) 1.11 ±0.27 1.16 ±0.26 1.02±0.36 1.13±0.32 1.09 ±0.29 0.86 ±0.27
PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: atrial conduit strain; ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during early filling phase; A: during atrial contraction; LASI: left atrial stiffness index (E/E´ /LA strain); MV: mitral valve; DT: deceleration time; LA: left atrium; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR PG: tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; ES end systolic; PL: peak longitudinal * Pairwise comparisons with p<0.05 for difference between groups with normal and high NT-proBNP; ‡ Median (IQR) PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: atrial conduit strain; ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during early filling phase; A: during atrial contraction; LASI: left atrial stiffness index (E/E´ /LA strain); MV: mitral valve; DT: deceleration time; LA: left atrium; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR PG: tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; ES end systolic; PL: peak longitudinal * Pairwise comparisons with p<0.05 for difference between groups with normal and high NT-proBNP; ‡ Median (IQR) PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: atrial conduit strain; ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during early filling phase; A: during atrial contraction; LASI: left atrial stiffness index (E/E´ /LA strain); MV: mitral valve; DT: deceleration time; LA: left atrium; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR PG: tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; ES end systolic; PL: peak longitudinal * Pairwise comparisons with p<0.05 for difference between groups with normal and high NT-proBNP; ‡ Median (IQR) PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: atrial conduit strain; ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during early filling phase; A: during atrial contraction; LASI: left atrial stiffness index (E/E´ /LA strain); MV: mitral valve; DT: deceleration time; LA: left atrium; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR PG: tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; ES end systolic; PL: peak longitudinal * Pairwise comparisons with p<0.05 for difference between groups with normal and high NT-proBNP; ‡ Median (IQR) PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: atrial conduit strain; ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during early filling phase; A: during atrial contraction; LASI: left atrial stiffness index (E/E´ /LA strain); MV: mitral valve; DT: deceleration time; LA: left atrium; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR PG: tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; ES end systolic; PL: peak longitudinal * Pairwise comparisons with p<0.05 for difference between groups with normal and high NT-proBNP; ‡ Median (IQR) PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: atrial conduit strain; ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during early filling phase; A: during atrial contraction; LASI: left atrial stiffness index (E/E´ /LA strain); MV: mitral valve; DT: deceleration time; LA: left atrium; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR PG: tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; ES end systolic; PL: peak longitudinal * Pairwise comparisons with p<0.05 for difference between groups with normal and high NT-proBNP; ‡ Median (IQR) PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: atrial conduit strain; ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during early filling phase; A: during atrial contraction; LASI: left atrial stiffness index (E/E´ /LA strain); MV: mitral valve; DT: deceleration time; LA: left atrium; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR PG: tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient; LV: left ventricle; EF: ejection fraction; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; ES end systolic; PL: peak longitudinal * Pairwise comparisons with p<0.05 for difference between groups with normal and high NT-proBNP; ‡ Median (IQR)