Figure 1. Global atrial strain and SR curves for the extraction of peak values.

The cycle starts at the end of the P-wave.

PACS, peak atrial contraction strain; ACS, atrial conduit strain; ATS, atrial total strain; SR, strain rate; S, during systole; E, during the early filling phase; A, during atrial contraction.

Panel A: EF ≥ 50%. EF, ejection fraction; ATS, atrial total strain; MV DT, mitral valve deceleration time.

Panel B: EF < 50 %. PACS, peak atrial contraction strain; LVSV, left ventricular stroke volume; ESV, end-systolic volume.