Table 2: Mean and normal ranges for males and females in different age-groups
Age group 40-49 50-59 60 -69
PACS (%) Female 20.1 (9.0 to 31.2) 20.5 (9.4 to 31.6) 21.0 (9.7 to 32.3)
Male 20.4 (8.9 to 31.9) 20.4 (9.3 to 31.3) 21.6 (8.6 to 34.7)
ACS (%) Female 34.9 (6.4 to 63.3) 28.1 (5.2 to 50.9) 24.4 (2.2 to 46.5) †
Male 27.4 (2.9 to 51.9)‡ 23.8 (4.0 to 43.6) ‡ 22.7 (3.6 to 41.9)
ATS (%) Female 54.0 (22.2 to 87.7) 48.6 (21.1 to 76.1) 45.4 (17.6 to 73.2)
Male 47.8 (17.8 to 77.9)‡ 44.1 (18.6 to 69.7) ‡ 44.3 (19.4 to 69.3)
Atrial SR S (1/s) Female 2.7 (0.8 to 4.5) 2.4 (0.8 to 4.1) 2.4 (0.6 to 4.3)
Male 2.6 (0.5 to 4.7) 2.3 (0.8 to 4.1) 2.5 (0.7 to 4.4)
Atrial SR E (1/s) Female -3.0 (-0.8 to -5.3) -2.4 (-0.6 to -4.2) -1.9 (-0.5 to -3.2) †
Male -2.5 (-0.4 to -4.7)‡ -2.2 (-0.6 to -3.9) ‡ -2.0 (-0.4 to -3.6)
Atrial SR A (1/s) Female -2.9 (-1.2 to -4.6) -2.9(-1.1 to -4.6) -2.9 (-1.0 to -4.9)
Male -3.0 (-0.9 to -5.1) -3.0 (-0.9 to -5.0) -3.1 (-1.0 to -5.2)
LASI (1/%) Female 0.17 (0.06 to 0.35) 0.19 (0.09 to 0.41) 0.24 (0.10 to 0.58) †
Male 0.18 (0.07 to 0.37)‡ 0.19 (0.08 to 0.42) 0.21 (0.09 to 0.54) ‡
Measurements of healthy individuals with EF ≥50%, without cardiac disease, atrial fibrillation, controlled or uncontrolled hypertension. PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: Atrial conduit strain: ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during diastole; A: during atrial contraction. ‡ p<0.05 for difference between males and females ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis * p<0.05 for difference towards group 40-49 years † p<0.05 for difference towards group 50-59 years Measurements of healthy individuals with EF ≥50%, without cardiac disease, atrial fibrillation, controlled or uncontrolled hypertension. PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: Atrial conduit strain: ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during diastole; A: during atrial contraction. ‡ p<0.05 for difference between males and females ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis * p<0.05 for difference towards group 40-49 years † p<0.05 for difference towards group 50-59 years Measurements of healthy individuals with EF ≥50%, without cardiac disease, atrial fibrillation, controlled or uncontrolled hypertension. PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: Atrial conduit strain: ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during diastole; A: during atrial contraction. ‡ p<0.05 for difference between males and females ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis * p<0.05 for difference towards group 40-49 years † p<0.05 for difference towards group 50-59 years Measurements of healthy individuals with EF ≥50%, without cardiac disease, atrial fibrillation, controlled or uncontrolled hypertension. PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: Atrial conduit strain: ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during diastole; A: during atrial contraction. ‡ p<0.05 for difference between males and females ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis * p<0.05 for difference towards group 40-49 years † p<0.05 for difference towards group 50-59 years Measurements of healthy individuals with EF ≥50%, without cardiac disease, atrial fibrillation, controlled or uncontrolled hypertension. PACS: peak atrial contraction strain; ACS: Atrial conduit strain: ATS: atrial total strain; SR: strain rate; S: during systole; E: during diastole; A: during atrial contraction. ‡ p<0.05 for difference between males and females ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis * p<0.05 for difference towards group 40-49 years † p<0.05 for difference towards group 50-59 years