References
1. Laslett LJ, Alagona P, Jr., Clark BA, 3rd, et al. The worldwide
environment of cardiovascular disease: prevalence, diagnosis, therapy,
and policy issues: a report from the American College of Cardiology.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(25 Suppl):S1-49.
2. Wick EC, Grant MC, Wu CL. Postoperative Multimodal Analgesia Pain
Management With Nonopioid Analgesics and Techniques: A Review.JAMA Surg. 2017;152(7):691-697.
3. Lahtinen P, Kokki H, Hynynen M. Pain after cardiac surgery: a
prospective cohort study of 1-year incidence and intensity.Anesthesiology. 2006;105(4):794-800.
4. Zubrzycki M, Liebold A, Skrabal C, et al. Assessment and
pathophysiology of pain in cardiac surgery. J Pain Res.2018;11:1599-1611.
5. Barr LF, Boss MJ, Mazzeffi MA, Taylor BS, Salenger R. Postoperative
Multimodal Analgesia in Cardiac Surgery. Crit Care Clin.2020;36(4):631-651.
6. Sharma R, Louie A, Thai CP, Dizdarevic A. Chest Wall Nerve Blocks for
Cardiothoracic, Breast Surgery, and Rib-Related Pain. Curr Pain
Headache Rep. 2022;26(1):43-56.
7. Kelava M, Alfirevic A, Bustamante S, Hargrave J, Marciniak D.
Regional Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery: An Overview of Fascial Plane
Chest Wall Blocks. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(1):127-135.
8. Ritter MJ, Christensen JM, Yalamuri SM. Regional Anesthesia for
Cardiac Surgery: A Review of Fascial Plane Blocks and Their Uses.Adv Anesth. 2021;39:215-240.
9. Li J, Lin L, Peng J, He S, Wen Y, Zhang M. Efficacy of
ultrasound-guided parasternal block in adult cardiac surgery: a
meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Minerva
Anestesiol. 2022.
10. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for
reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate
health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med.2009;6(7):e1000100.
11. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for
assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. Bmj. 2019;366:l4898.
12. Puhan MA, Schünemann HJ, Murad MH, et al. A GRADE Working Group
approach for rating the quality of treatment effect estimates from
network meta-analysis. Bmj. 2014;349:g5630.
13. Rücker G, Schwarzer G. Ranking treatments in frequentist network
meta-analysis works without resampling methods. BMC Med Res
Methodol. 2015;15:58.
14. Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance
from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res
Methodol. 2005;5:13.
15. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring
inconsistency in meta-analyses. Bmj. 2003;327(7414):557-560.
16. Zhang Y, Gong H, Zhan B, Chen S. Effects of bilateral
Pecto-intercostal Fascial Block for perioperative pain management in
patients undergoing open cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized
study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021;21(1):175.
17. Athar M, Parveen S, Yadav M, et al. A Randomized Double-Blind
Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Erector
Spinae Plane Block in Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc
Anesth. 2021;35(12):3574-3580.
18. Kumar AK, Chauhan S, Bhoi D, Kaushal B. Pectointercostal Fascial
Block (PIFB) as a Novel Technique for Postoperative Pain Management in
Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth.2021;35(1):116-122.
19. Khera T, Murugappan KR, Leibowitz A, et al. Ultrasound-Guided
Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Block for Postoperative Pain Management in
Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021;35(3):896-903.
20. Aydin ME, Ahiskalioglu A, Ates I, et al. Efficacy of
Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Thoracic Muscle Plane Block on
Postoperative Opioid Consumption After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective,
Randomized, Double-Blind Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth.2020;34(11):2996-3003.
21. Krishna SN, Chauhan S, Bhoi D, et al. Bilateral Erector Spinae Plane
Block for Acute Post-Surgical Pain in Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients: A
Randomized Controlled Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth.2019;33(2):368-375.
22. Chen H, Song W, Wang W, et al. Ultrasound-guided parasternal
intercostal nerve block for postoperative analgesia in mediastinal mass
resection by median sternotomy: a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021;21(1):98.
23. Hamed MA, Abdelhady MA, Hassan A, Boules ML. The Analgesic Effect of
Ultrasound-guided Bilateral Pectointercostal Fascial Plane Block on
Sternal Wound Pain After Open Heart Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled
Study. Clin J Pain. 2022;38(4):279-284.
24. Kaya C, Dost B, Dokmeci O, Yucel SM, Karakaya D. Comparison of
Ultrasound-Guided Pectointercostal Fascial Block and Transversus
Thoracic Muscle Plane Block for Acute Poststernotomy Pain Management
After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot
Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021.
25. Shokri H, Ali I, Kasem AA. Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of
Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Thoracic Muscle Plane Block on
Post-Sternotomy Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Local Reg
Anesth. 2021;14:145-152.
26. Fujii S, Roche M, Jones PM, Vissa D, Bainbridge D, Zhou JR.
Transversus thoracis muscle plane block in cardiac surgery: a pilot
feasibility study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44(5):556-560.
27. Zhang Y, Li X, Chen S. Bilateral transversus thoracis muscle plane
block provides effective analgesia and enhances recovery after open
cardiac surgery. J Card Surg. 2021;36(8):2818-2823.
28. Kumar KN, Kalyane RN, Singh NG, et al. Efficacy of bilateral
pectoralis nerve block for ultrafast tracking and postoperative pain
management in cardiac surgery. Ann Card Anaesth.2018;21(3):333-338.
29. Hamed MA, Boules ML, Sobhy MM, Abdelhady MA. The Analgesic Efficacy
of Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Transversus Thoracic Muscle Plane Block
After Open-Heart Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Pain
Res. 2022;15:675-682.
30. Ersoy BBG, Tuna E, Aysin. Postoperative analgesic effectiveness of
bilateral erector spinae plane block for adult cardiac surgery: a
randomized controlled trial. 5. 2022.
31. Magoon R, Makhija N, Sarkar S. Erector spinae plane block and
cardiac surgery: ’A closer look’. J Clin Anesth. 2020;60:8.
32. El-Boghdadly K, Wolmarans M, Stengel AD, et al. Standardizing
nomenclature in regional anesthesia: an ASRA-ESRA Delphi consensus study
of abdominal wall, paraspinal, and chest wall blocks. Reg Anesth
Pain Med. 2021;46(7):571-580.
33. McDonald SB, Jacobsohn E, Kopacz DJ, et al. Parasternal block and
local anesthetic infiltration with levobupivacaine after cardiac surgery
with desflurane: the effect on postoperative pain, pulmonary function,
and tracheal extubation times. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(1):25-32.
34. Hu M, Wang Y, Hao B, Gong C, Li Z. Evaluation of Different
Pain-Control Procedures for Post-cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
and Network Meta-Analysis. Surg Innov. 2022;29(2):269-277.
35. Hussain N, Brull R, Noble J, et al. Statistically significant but
clinically unimportant: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the
analgesic benefits of erector spinae plane block following breast cancer
surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(1):3-12.