Conclusion
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) is the most extensively used non-human
primate medical disease model. The higher genomic diversity in this
species than in human render it valuable for addressing medical as well
as evolutionary questions. Despite the unique advantage of holding
methylation signals, nanopore long-read data has not been utilized to
investigate issues related to reference and variants. Here, we provided
the long reads for a Chinese macaque (CR2) and conducted SVs-oriented
analyses on genomic between two subspecies. We found lower strengths of
methylation but higher rates of recombination for duplications than
other types of SVs (deletions, insertions, and inversions). We also
revealed the selective sweep and the “faster-X effect” underlying the
SVs distribution along the chromosomes. Some SVs-involved genes under
selective sweep are causal genes for multiple neurodevelopmental
diseases and innovative traits in human. Our study characterizes
multiple molecular features and evolutionary forces underlying SVs of
the rhesus macaque, which could shed light on the translational medicine
from this important medical model to human per se.