Participants
Children with snoring and/or mouth breathing were enrolled.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) treatment, such as
adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy, was performed; (2) disease, such as
nasal masses or posterior nostril atresia, combined with facial
deformities; (3) presence of other conditions causing hypoxemia, such as
pulmonary disease and neuromuscular aspects.