Spatial turnover
Ordination analysis on species presence/absence data (NMDS) of the full
chafer assemblage generally showed different patterns for the different
eco-spatial components (Figure 3A, F, K, P). The largest overlap of
entity clusters was observed for the macrohabitats. Overlap in forest
types, elevation zones, and localities were limited to a few entities.
Further, most entities were well-separated. The distances between the
entity clusters were almost similar within the same spatial component.
Similar patterns were also observed for separate lineages, however,
differences between the single entities (e.g., elevation zones or forest
types) were less pronounced with slightly larger overlaps. For
Dynastinae, patterns were not well pronounced due to low sample
representation (Figure 3). Species composition in localities of montane
forests (L5, L11) resulted generally more similar to each other (Figure
3), while assemblages of dry lowland forest were dissimilar for single
lineages. There was an overlap for the full assemblage analysis.
NMDS on Jaccard indices from species presence-absence data for the three
different body size classes showed similar overall patterns: large
overlap for all partitions in macrohabitats, and moderate to clear
distinction for ecoclimatic zones (elevation, forest type) and
localities. Small and medium-sized assemblages showed somewhat
contrasting patterns for assemblages of large-bodied specimens for
forest types, elevation zones and localities (Figure 4). Again,
eco-spatial entities (e.g., elevation zones, or forest types) in
partitioned analyses were less different than for the full assemblage
data (Figure 4).
A linear regression analysis showed no significant correlation (r=
-0.029, p= 0.831) between species composition similarity and geographic
distance among localities (Figure 5). We also tested for this
correlation for the assemblages partitioned by body size and lineages
(Table S4); a significant dependence between species composition
similarity and geographic distance was found only for the assemblage of
small-bodied specimens (r= -0.344, p= 0.02).