Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of 91 singleton pregnancies in 73 women with adenomyosis, who were managed at a single institution. Clinical information was retrospectively obtained from the medical records of pregnant women with adenomyosis who were managed and delivered after 12 weeks of gestation at the University of Tokyo Hospital between January 2011 and December 2021. Women with artificial abortions, multiple gestations, fetal abnormalities, or uterine malformations were excluded from this study. Pain during pregnancy was judged based on medical records as those having persisting pain at the adenomyosis site with administration of analgesics for pain relief during pregnancy; C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured while the pain persisted.