Abbreviations
ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2;
APCs, antigen presenting cells;
ASCs, antibody secreting cells;
BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid;
BI, binding inhibition;
CSCs, cytokine secreting cells;
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019;
CVP, carboxy vinyl polymer;
DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine;
ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;
ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot;
Graβ, granzyme β;
HAv, influenza ether split hemagglutinin vaccine;
IM, intramuscular;
IN intranasal;
IT, intratracheal;
PA, palmitic acid;
PG, phosphatidylglycerol;
RBD, receptor-binding domain;
S-IgA, secretory IgA;
SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;
S, spike protein;
SSF, synthetic surfactant;
TRM, tissue-resident memory T cells;