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\author[1]{Greig Paterson}%
\author[2]{Roberto Moreno}%
\author[3]{Adrian Muxworthy}%
\author[1]{Lesleis Nagy}%
\author[4]{Wyn Williams}%
\author[5]{Lisa Tauxe}%
\affil[1]{Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool}%
\affil[2]{Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola}%
\affil[3]{Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London}%
\affil[4]{School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh}%
\affil[5]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{May 19, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Magnetic hysteresis measurements are routinely made in the Earth and
planetary sciences to identify geologically meaningful~ magnetic
recorders, and to study variations in present and past
environments.~Interpreting magnetic hysteresis data in terms of domain
state (particle size)~ and paleomagnetic stability are major motivations
behind undertaking these measurements, but the interpretations remain~
fraught with challenges and ambiguities. To shed new light on these
ambiguities, we have undertaken a systematic micromagnetic study to
quantify the magnetic hysteresis behavior of room-temperature magnetite
as a function of particle size (50-195 nm; equivalent spherical volume
diameter) and shape (oblate, prolate and equant); our models span
uniformly magnetized single domain (SD) to non-uniformly magnetized
single vortex (SV) states. Within our models the reduced magnetization~
marks a clear boundary between SD ([?]0.5) and SV (\textless{}0.5)
magnetite. We further identify particle sizes and shapes with
unexpectedly low coercivity and coercivity of remanence. These low
coercivity regions correspond to magnetite particles that typically have
multiple possible magnetic domain states, which has been previously
linked to a zone of unstable magnetic recorders. Of all hysteresis
parameters investigated, transient hysteresis is most sensitive to
particles that exhibit such domain state multiplicity, leading us to
suggest that transient behavior be more routinely measured during rock
magnetic investigations.%
\end{abstract}%



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