\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{UK public health and ecosystem benefits of currently legislated versus
best available emission control measures}



\author[1]{Eloise A. Marais}%
\author[2]{Jamie M. Kelly}%
\author[1]{Karn Vohra}%
\author[3]{Yifan Li}%
\author[1]{Gongda Lu}%
\author[4]{Naila Hina}%
\author[5]{Ed C. Rowe}%
\affil[1]{University College London}%
\affil[2]{Centre for Energy and Clean Air}%
\affil[3]{NUIST}%
\affil[4]{N/A}%
\affil[5]{Natural Environment Research Council}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 12, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Past emission controls in the UK have substantially reduced precursor
emissions of health-hazardous fine particles (PM\textsubscript{2.5}) and
nitrogen pollution detrimental to ecosystems. Still, 79\% of the UK
exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for annual mean
PM\textsubscript{2.5} of 5 \selectlanguage{greek}μ\selectlanguage{english}g m\textsuperscript{-3} and there is no
enforcement of controls on agricultural sources of ammonia
(NH\textsubscript{3}). NH\textsubscript{3} is a phytotoxin and an
increasingly large contributor to PM\textsubscript{2.5} and nitrogen
deposited to sensitive habitats. Here we use emissions projections, the
GEOS-Chem model, high-resolution datasets, and contemporary
relationships between exposure and risk of harm to assess the potential
human and ecosystem health co-benefits in 2030 relative to the present
day of adopting legally required or best available emission control
measures. We estimate that present-day annual adult premature mortality
attributable to exposure to PM\textsubscript{2.5} is 48,625, that
harmful amounts of reactive nitrogen deposit to almost all (95\%)
sensitive habitat areas, and that 75\% of ambient NH\textsubscript{3}
exceeds levels safe for bryophytes. Legal measures decrease the extent
of the UK above the WHO guideline to 58\% and avoid 6,800 premature
deaths by 2030. This improves with best available measures to 36\% of
the UK and 13,300 avoided deaths. Both legal and best available measures
are insufficient at reducing the extent of damage of nitrogen pollution
to sensitive habitats, as most nitrogen emitted in the UK is exported
offshore. Far more ambitious reductions in nitrogen emissions
(\textgreater{}80\%) than is achievable with best available measures
(34\%) are required to halve excess nitrogen deposition to sensitive
habitats.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

