Figure 3. Total rainfall summed over the 41 HPEs historic (a) and future (PGW) simulations. (c) Difference between historic and future simulations (future – historic). Statistically significant differences are demarcated by gray lines. (d) Same as (c) but in relative terms:\((100\times\frac{\text{future}-\text{historic}}{\text{historic}})\).
The decrease in rainfall accumulation recognized above for the first HPE is preserved among most of the analyzed HPEs. More than 90% of events feature smaller rainfall accumulations in future compared to historic simulations (Fig. 4a, Table 1) with a significant inter-event average decrease of -2.8 mm (equivalent to -30%). Like the first case study, the decrease is more pronounced over land compared to the sea with a significant change of -36% and -26% in average precipitation, respectively. Similarly, 95% and 83% of HPEs were smaller in future compared to historic simulations over land and sea, respectively. The decreased precipitation is significant in each of the sub-regions considered here (Fig. 4b, Fig. S3, Table 1).