Figure 3. Total rainfall summed over the 41 HPEs historic (a)
and future (PGW) simulations. (c) Difference between historic and future
simulations (future – historic). Statistically significant differences
are demarcated by gray lines. (d) Same as (c) but in relative terms:\((100\times\frac{\text{future}-\text{historic}}{\text{historic}})\).
The decrease in rainfall accumulation recognized above for the first HPE
is preserved among most of the analyzed HPEs. More than 90% of events
feature smaller rainfall accumulations in future compared to historic
simulations (Fig. 4a, Table 1) with a significant inter-event average
decrease of -2.8 mm (equivalent to -30%). Like the first case study,
the decrease is more pronounced over land compared to the sea with a
significant change of -36% and -26% in average precipitation,
respectively. Similarly, 95% and 83% of HPEs were smaller in future
compared to historic simulations over land and sea, respectively. The
decreased precipitation is significant in each of the sub-regions
considered here (Fig. 4b, Fig. S3, Table 1).