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\begin{document}

\title{Tectonic transitions in the Tibetan plateau during India-Asia collision:
Findings from scaled laboratory models}



\author[1]{Arnab Roy}%
\author[1]{Giridas Maiti}%
\author[1]{Joyjeet Sen}%
\author[1]{Nibir Mandal}%
\affil[1]{Jadavpur University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 21, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The India-Asia continental collision, starting at \textasciitilde{}50
Ma, has resulted in about 2000 km crustal shortening to build the
Himalaya-Tibetan plateau, which is one of the landmark terrestrial
features on the Earth. In this study, using a thin viscous sheet
approximation we performed scaled laboratory model experiments to
investigate the spatiotemporal variation in the Himalaya-Tibetan
tectonics. The experiments allow us to constrain the Tibetan plateau
topography as a function of the varying India-Asia convergence rates.
Our results suggest two rigid crustal blocks: Tarim and Sichuan basins
steered the growth pattern in the Tibetan plateau. Because of the
resistance from the rigid Tarim block western Tibet uplifted first
relative to eastern part, creating a topographic elevation difference,
which directed the crustal flows grossly to NE. We show from experiments
the elevated plateau topography underwent gravitational collapse when
the indentation velocity dropped to present average of
\textasciitilde{}3.5 cm/yr at around 18 Ma. This event eventually led to
a transition from contraction to extensional tectonics, dominated by
east-directed crustal flows in response to the eastward topographic
gradient developed during the early stage of fast collision. We compare
the present day crustal flow velocity field, strain rates, and
topographic variations in the model Tibet with the actual observations
in the Himalaya-Tibet Mountain System.%
\end{abstract}%



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