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\title{Mechanics of mostly non-deforming effusive eruptions: a simple model to
explain dome effusion and improved constraints on the VEI 5 2008-2009
Chait\selectlanguage{ngerman}én rhyolitic eruption (Southern Andes, Chile)\selectlanguage{english}}



\author[1]{Francisco Delgado}%
\author[2]{Sergey Samsonov}%
\affil[1]{Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris}%
\affil[2]{Canada Centre for Remote Sensi}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Simple models of fluid and solid mechanics predict that the
depressurization of a shallow reservoir that occurs during large
effusive eruptions produces exponential trends in time series of both
pressure drop and extruded volume. These models are attractive due to
their simplicity and because they can explain geodetic and extruded
volume data recorded at several volcanoes like at St. Helens and Cord\selectlanguage{ngerman}ón
Caulle, regardless of their magma compositions. However, several lava
and dome-forming eruptions like at Redoubt, Hekla and Santiaguito
volcanoes do not show clear ground deformation coeval to lava and dome
effusion despite the extrusion of at least 0.1 km3 DRE of magma. This
apparent paradox can be explained by a variety of factors including deep
magma sources and highly compressible magmas that leave no geodetic
footprint. Here we explore the role of magma buoyancy with a reanalysis
of ALOS-1, TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 InSAR ground deformation and
Pleiades DEM data of the VEI 5 Plinian and dome forming rhyolitic
eruption of Chaitén volcano in 2008-2009. We show that almost all of the
recorded ground deformation occurred during the first three weeks of the
eruption, which implies that the extrusion of a rhyolitic dome
(\textasciitilde{}0.8 km3 DRE) did not result in significant
depressurization of a magma reservoir, despite the clear exponential
trends in the extrusion data. Instead, we show that the exponential
trend in the time series of extruded volume can be explained by magma
ascending due its buoyancy instead of its overpressure. These results
imply that ground deformation alone is not always indicative of the
temporal evolution of an eruption and urges for the acquisition of
denser time series of DEM data to calculate time-lapse extrusion rates.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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