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\begin{document}

\title{Analysis of Factors Influencing Soil and Water Arsenic Concentration in
Southwest Bangladesh}



\author[1]{John Ayers}%
\author[1]{Brooke Patton}%
\affil[1]{Vanderbilt University College of Arts and Science}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Soil samples (n = 45) and water samples (n = 111) were collected in the
coastal zone of SW Bangladesh in wet (November) and dry (May) seasons in
2016 to identify the factors influencing soil arsenic concentrations.
Soils are entisols formed from recently deposited, predominantly
silt-sized sediments with low carbon concentrations typical of the local
mangrove forests. Arsenic concentrations in bulk soil are higher in
November than in May and vary little between sites. Arsenic
concentrations in deionized H2O extracts are \textasciitilde{}2 orders
of magnitude lower, indicating only \textasciitilde{}1\% of As is
soluble. Water samples show that As concentrations are highest in
groundwater from tubewells. Bulk soil As is positively correlated with
As concentration in irrigation water, suggesting that As from irrigation
water is added to the soil. Unlike other water types, As in rice paddy
water is much higher in the wet season, consistent with some fields
being irrigated with tubewell water. Arsenic in rice paddy water
increases by soil sulfide dissolution, and decreases by dilution during
the monsoon. Water soluble As in rice paddy soils is positively
correlated with S and DOC concentrations in rice paddy soil extracts due
to sulfide dissolution and complexation with DOC. Thus, waterlogging of
rice paddy soils leads to reducing conditions, the absence of ferric
oxyhydroxides that could sorb As, and the presence of sulfides that
incorporate As. As soil pH increases from 7 to 8, KD(soil/extract)
increases, consistent with the observed positive correlation between
irrigation water pH and bulk soil As concentration. Arsenic
bioavailability could be decreased through soil aeration (draining and
tilling) and by avoiding the use of groundwater for rice paddy
irrigation.%
\end{abstract}%



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