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\begin{document}

\title{Seasonal Effects of Experimental Warming on Soil Biogeochemistry and
Plant Functional Diversity in Pacific Northwest Prairies}



\author[1]{Barbara Bomfim}%
\author[2]{Hilary Rose Dawson}%
\author[1]{Lucas Silva}%
\author[1]{Brendan Bohannan}%
\author[1]{Scott Bridgham}%
\author[1]{Paul Reed}%
\author[1]{Graham Bailes}%
\author[1]{Bart Johnson}%
\author[1]{Laurel Pfeifer-Meister}%
\affil[1]{University of Oregon}%
\affil[2]{University of Oregon, Eugene}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This project aims to quantify the resiliency of prairie ecosystems in
the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) to climate change. Prairies in this
region sustain over one million beef cows, and cow-calf production
costs are expected to increase to offset warming-induced plant
productivity loss. We investigated the above- and belowground effects of
experimental warming in prairie ecosystems by assessing biogeochemical
controls on and patterns of asymbiotic nitrogen fixation (ANF), plant
species diversity, and legume cover to address a major challenge for
sustainable agriculture in the region. We hypothesize that the effect of
warming on prairie functional diversity increases soil asymbiotic
nitrogen inputs by decreasing legume cover and soil nitrogen
availability. We quantified the effects of decadal warming stress
(+2.5\selectlanguage{ngerman}ºC) on soil biogeochemical properties and plant species and
functional diversity during fall and spring seasons in three sites along
a 520km latitudinal gradient---from central Washington to southern
Oregon---representing a drought severity gradient. At each site, we
collected composite soil samples from five co-located prairie plots
under control (ambient) and warming conditions. We incubated these soils
using 15N-labeled dinitrogen (15N2), and quantified total soil carbon,
total and available nitrogen, and available phosphorus and iron pools to
better understand the underlying mechanisms governing warming-induced
changes in ANF. We used a point intercept technique to survey plot-level
plant community composition and calculate Shannon's diversity index and
percent cover of legumes (members of Fabaceae according to the
Integrated Taxonomic Information System). Warming significantly
decreased plant species diversity which also decreased along the drought
severity gradient. Legume cover significantly increased from 3.1\% in
the north to 9.2\% in the south. ANF response to warming varied by
season and site, where rates increased with the drought severity
gradient in the fall but decreased during the spring. Total soil
inorganic nitrogen availability was the strongest predictor of ANF
response to warming in the spring but not in the fall. Our study
highlights the importance of using soil-plant-atmosphere interactions to
assess prairie ecosystem resilience to climate change in the PNW.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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