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\begin{document}

\title{Significant variability in the \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca of global carbonatites:
implications for carbonate recycling, magma differentiation and
source-mantle mineralogy\selectlanguage{english}}



\author[1]{Anupam Banerjee}%
\author[1]{Ramananda Chakrabarti}%
\author[2]{Antonio Simonetti}%
\affil[1]{Indian Institute of Science}%
\affil[2]{University of Notre Dame}%


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  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Stable Ca isotopic composition (\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca) of crustal carbonates are
typically lighter than that of the bulk silicate Earth value
(\textasciitilde{}1.05 %0). Hence, \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca of mantle-derived rocks can
potentially trace recycled crustal carbonates into the mantle. We report
the Ca isotopic compositions of globally distributed carbonatites (n =
46), which are unique igneous rocks with more than 50\% modal carbonate
minerals, with eruption ages ranging from Precambrian until recent. The
\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca (w.r.t. SRM915a) of these carbonatites show a large range (0.35
%0 to 1.26 %0), which is significantly higher than the analytical
uncertainty (0.08%0) of the measurements performed using TIMS at CEaS,
IISc. These samples are well-characterized in terms of their major and
trace element geochemistry as well as Nd, Sr, B, C, and O isotopic
compositions for selected samples. No systematic trend is observed
between \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca of the carbonatites and their eruption ages.
Significant variability is observed in \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca values in samples from
individual provinces including those from the Oka complex in Canada
(0.44 %0 -- 1.26 %0, n= 8), Ambadongar (0.53 %0 -- 1.1 %0, n= 8) and the
Newania complexes (0.44 %0 -- 0.83 %0, n= 4) in north-west India, the
South Indian carbonatites (0.65 %0 -- 0.91 %0, n= 3) and carbonatites from
the Palabora complex in South Africa (0.35 %0 -- 0.84%0, n= 3). The
\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca of carbonatites from Oka, Newania and the Ambadongar show
strong correlations with Ca/Mg, Ca/Fe as well as CaO and MgO contents.
The \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca of the Oka and Ambadongar carbonatites show correlated
variations with their Mg\# and K/Rb ratios, respectively. The large
variability in \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}44/40Ca of global carbonatites is explained in terms of:
(1) presence of isotopically lighter ancient subducted carbonates in the
mantle-source regions and carbonate metasomatism of the mantle, (2)
partial melting and differentiation of the carbonatite magma and (3)
heterogeneity in the source-mantle mineralogy of carbonatites.%
\end{abstract}%



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