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\begin{document}

\title{Extending Legacy Climate Models by Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Single
Component Tracer Transport}



\author[1]{Yumeng Chen}%
\author[1]{Jörn Behrens}%
\author[1]{Konrad Simon}%
\affil[1]{Universität Hamburg}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 08, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Integrating Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) into climate models is
problematic partly because several components have difficulty in
accommodating adaptive grids. However, on coarse resolutions, errors
from each component of climate models contribute to the overall errors
of the model output. Using AMR in single components should reduce the
overall model error. Besides, we can use AMR in existing climate models
with reduced development time compared to designing a new AMR model.\\
We integrate AMR into the tracer transport module of the atmospheric
model ECHAM6 and test our implementation in idealized scenarios as well
as on a realistic application (dust transport). To achieve this goal, we
modify the Flux-Form Semi-Lagrangian (FFSL) transport scheme in ECHAM6
such that we can use it on adaptive meshes while retaining all important
properties such as mass conservation of the original implementation. Our
proposed scheme is dimensionally split and ensures that high-resolution
information is always propagated on (locally) highly resolved meshes. We
introduce a data structure that can accommodate an adaptive grid.\\
We demonstrate that our AMR scheme improves both accuracy and efficiency
compared to the original scheme. More importantly, our approach improves
the representation of transport processes in ECHAM6 for coarse
resolution simulations. Hence, the results of this paper suggest that we
can overcome the overhead of developing a fully adaptive earth system
model by integrating AMR into single components while leaving data
structures of the dynamical core untouched. This enables researches to
retain well-tested legacy code of existing models while still improving
accuracy.%
\end{abstract}%



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