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\begin{document}

\title{Zircon U-Pb Age Constraints on the Exhumation of the Lesser Himalayas
from the Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea}



\author[1,1]{Peter Clift}%
\author[2,2]{Peng Zhou}%
\author[3,3]{Daniel Fritz Stockli}%
\author[4,4]{Thomas Ireland}%
\author[4,4]{Richard W. Murray}%
\affil[1]{Louisiana State University}%
\affil[2]{Unknown}%
\affil[3]{University of Texas at Austin}%
\affil[4]{Boston University}%


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  \date{June 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Indus Fan, located in the Arabian Sea, contains the bulk of the
sediment eroded from the Western Himalaya and Karakoram. Scientific
drilling in the Laxmi Basin by the International Ocean Discovery Program
(IODP) provides an erosional record from the Indus River drainage dating
back to 10.8 Ma, and with a single sample from 15.5 Ma. We dated
detrital zircon grains by U-Pb geochronology to reconstruct how erosion
patterns changed through time. Long-term increases in detrital zircon
U-Pb components of 750--1200 Ma and 1500--2300 Ma show increasing
preferential erosion of the Himalaya relative to the Karakoram at
7.99--7.78 Ma and more consistently starting by 5.87 Ma. An increase in
the contribution of 1500--2300 Ma zircons starting by 1.56 Ma indicates
significant unroofing of the Inner Lesser Himalaya (ILH) by that time.
The trend in zircon U-Pb age populations is consistent with bulk
sediment Nd isotope data implies greater zircon fertility in Himalayan
bedrock compared to the Karakoram and Transhimalaya. The initial change
in spatial erosion patterns at 7.0--5.87 Ma occurred during a time of
drying climate in the Indus foreland. The increase in ILH erosion
postdates the onset of dry-wet glacial-interglacial cycles suggesting
some role for climate control. However, erosion driven by rising
topography in response to formation of the Lesser Himalayan thrust
duplex, especially during the Pliocene may also be important. The
influence of the Nanga Parbat Massif to the bulk sediment flux is
modest, in contrast to the situation in the eastern Himalaya syntaxis.%
\end{abstract}%



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