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A mesoscale wave-like structure in the nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly
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  • Juan Rodríguez-Zuluaga,
  • Claudia Stolle,
  • Yosuke Yamazaki,
  • Chao Xiong,
  • Scott England
Juan Rodríguez-Zuluaga
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Claudia Stolle
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Yosuke Yamazaki
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Chao Xiong
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Scott England
Virginia Tech
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Abstract

Both ground- and satellite-based airglow imaging have significantly contributed to our understanding of the low-latitude ionosphere, especially of the morphology and dynamics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The NASA Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission focuses on far-ultraviolet airglow images from a geostationary orbit at 47.5°W. This region is of particular interest at low magnetic latitudes because of the high magnetic declination (i.e., about -20°) and proximity of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly. Nighttime airglow images from GOLD reveal an exciting feature of the EIA. Using observations from 5 October 2018 to 30 June 2020, we characterize a wave-like structure of few thousands of kilometers seen as poleward and equatorward displacements of the nighttime EIA-crests. Initial analyses show that the mesoscale structure is symmetric about the dip equator and appears nearly stationary with time over the night. In quasi-dipole coordinates, maxima poleward displacements of the EIA-crests are seen at about ±12° latitude and around 20° and 60° longitude (i.e., in geographic longitude at the dip equator, about 53°W and 14°W). The wave-like structure presents typical zonal wavelengths of about 6.7x10^3 km and 3.3x10^3 km. The structure’s occurrence and wavelength are highly variable on a day-to-day basis with no apparent dependence on geomagnetic activity. In addition, a cluster or quasi-periodic wave train of equatorial plasma depletions (EPDs) is often detected within the mesoscale structure. We further outline the difference in observing these EPDs from FUV images and in situ measurements during a GOLD and Swarm mission conjunction.
Feb 2021Published in Earth and Space Science volume 8 issue 2. 10.1029/2020EA001529