Figure 4. Discrete song rate (songs/h) of male Bermuda Vireos across six breeding stages: (1) no nesting duties, (2) nest building, (3) egg stage, (4) nestling care, (5) fledgling care, and (6) non-breeding. Estimated marginal means and 95% confidence intervals derived from a generalized linear mixed model (see text for details) were back-transformed to the original scale and plotted for each breeding stage. Different coloured dots correspond to different colour-banded male Bermuda Vireos recorded during the study. Discrete song rate was highest among males with no nesting duties during the breeding season and lowest for males rearing nestlings. Vireo silhouettes were drawn by Michelle Pasquin.