Table 3. Dipyridamole-induced changes in echocardiographic parameters among healthy controls and CKD patients (paired t-test within each group and RM-ANOVA to compare changes among the 3 groups)
Controls, n=30 Controls, n=30 CKD <60 years old, n=25 CKD <60 years old, n=25 CKD ≥60 years old, n=35 CKD ≥60 years old, n=35 RM ANOVA
Baseline Post-DIP Baseline Post-DIP Baseline Post-DIP
CFR 3.93±1.25 - 3.10±0.75† - 2.89±0.88† - -
LVEF, % 66±7 72±6* 65±8 69±7* 68±7 71±8 0.339
E/A 1.12±0.31 1.03±0.24 1.03±0.33 0.90±0.26* 0.82±0.19 0.81±0.18 0.118
Sm, cm/s 8.7±1.7 10.7±2.8* 8.6±2.5 10.4±3.0* 8.0±1.6 9.2±2.5* 0.370
Sl, cm/s 11.3±2.5 12.6±2.5* 10.7±2.9 12.0±3.6* 9.5±2.3 11.2±2.3* 0.777
E’, cm/s 12.3±2.9 13.3±2.6* 10.6±2.6 11.9±2.8* 8.6±1.7 9.9±2.2* 0.789
E/E’ 6.02±1.36 6.68±1.97 7.80±2.81 7.84±2.85 8.67±2.62 9.06±3.43 0.712
GLS, % -21.1±3.3 -24.1±3.1* -20.3±3.3 -22.1±2.9* -20.6±3.0 -22.7±3.6* 0.435
TWIST, degrees 9.27±4.06 8.75±5.80 7.60±4.69 8.14±4.84 8.45±4.21 9.53±6.43 0.617
UNTWIST, degrees/s -67.4±28.1 -78.7±27.8* -60.9±29.9 -82.8±56.9 -75.7±28.9 -97.3±53.9* 0.619
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CFR, Coronary flow reserve; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; DIP, Dipyridamole; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RM ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, p<0.05 compared to healthy controls Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CFR, Coronary flow reserve; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; DIP, Dipyridamole; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RM ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, p<0.05 compared to healthy controls Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CFR, Coronary flow reserve; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; DIP, Dipyridamole; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RM ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, p<0.05 compared to healthy controls Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CFR, Coronary flow reserve; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; DIP, Dipyridamole; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RM ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, p<0.05 compared to healthy controls Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CFR, Coronary flow reserve; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; DIP, Dipyridamole; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RM ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, p<0.05 compared to healthy controls Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CFR, Coronary flow reserve; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; DIP, Dipyridamole; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RM ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, p<0.05 compared to healthy controls Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CFR, Coronary flow reserve; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; DIP, Dipyridamole; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RM ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, p<0.05 compared to healthy controls Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. CFR, Coronary flow reserve; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; DIP, Dipyridamole; GLS, Global longitudinal strain; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RM ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, p<0.05 compared to healthy controls