2.1 Study area profile
Located in the eastern part of Xinjiang, Komul is traversed by the eastern Tianshan Mountains and at the 91°06′—96°23′E,40°52′—45°05′N (Fig. 1). It covers 142,100 square kilometers in total. With 100–250 mm of rainfall in the north, 30–50 mm in the south, and 500–600 mm in the Tianshan Mountains, Komul has a representative continental arid climate. However, because of the effect of the Tianshan Mountains, the climate varies significantly from north to south. There are numerous wild creatures, like the Capra sibirica , Gazella subgutturosa ,Panthera uncia , and Ursus arctos (Wang et al., 2023; Abduriyim, Nabi, Halik, 2018; Abduriyim, Zibibulla, Eli, et al., 2018), as well as birds like Milvus migrans , Podoces hendersoni , and Aquila chrysaetos , that call Komul home, but there are no reports of bats.