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\begin{document}

\title{Progression of Ocean Interior Acidification over the Industrial Era}



\author[1]{Jens Daniel Müller}%
\author[1]{Nicolas Gruber}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Ocean acidification driven by the uptake of anthropogenic
CO\textsubscript{2} represents a major threat to ocean ecosystems, yet
little is known about its progression beneath the surface. Here, we
reconstruct the history of ocean interior acidification (OIA) from 1800
to 2014 on the basis of observation-based estimates of the accumulation
of anthropogenic carbon. Across the top 100 m and over the industrial
era, the saturation state of aragonite (\selectlanguage{greek}Ω\selectlanguage{english}\textsubscript{arag}) and pH =
-log{[}H\textsuperscript{+}{]} decreased by more than 0.6 and 0.1,
respectively, with a progress of nearly 50\% over the last 20 years
(1994-2014). While the magnitude of the \selectlanguage{greek}Ω\selectlanguage{english}\textsubscript{arag} change
decreases uniformly with depth, the magnitude of the pH decrease
exhibits a distinct maximum in the upper thermocline. Since 1800, the
saturation horizon (\selectlanguage{greek}Ω\selectlanguage{english}\textsubscript{arag}=1) shoaled by more than 200 m,
approaching the euphotic zone in several regions, especially in the
Southern Ocean, and exposing many organisms to corrosive conditions.%
\end{abstract}%



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