Figure 1 Comparison of three different dominance indices
Note: a-d represents the calculation results of three dominance
indexes of four mosquitoes in each year. e is the difference
comparison of three dominance indexes of each mosquito species.f represents the difference of coefficient of variation of
three dominance indices among mosquito species from 2012 to 2021. *
P<0.05;** P<0.01; *** P<0.001.
The results of the three indexes showed that for Culex pipiens pallens
and Aedes albopictus, which were widely distributed in space and time,
the results of the three indexes were basically consistent, and there
was no significant difference between the indexes. For Culex
tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis with high spatial and temporal
distribution heterogeneity, the Time-Space index is significantly lower
than Berger Parker index, which is close to the significance level and
lower than McNaughton index (Figure 1e). The difference analysis of
coefficient of variation showed that the three calculation results had
the least impact on Culex pipiens pallens, and the coefficient of
variation was 4.63%, significantly lower than the other three
mosquitoes.
Discuss
There is no significant difference among the three calculation results
of Culex pipiens pallens. The coefficient of variation is significantly
lower than that of other mosquitoes, which may be due to the relatively
uniform spatial and temporal distribution. The average spatial frequency
ratio is 97.8%, and the temporal frequency ratio is 94.4% (Table 1).
McNaughton index of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis was
lower than Berger Parker index, but the difference was not significant.
The percentage of occurrence frequency introduced by McNaughton index
failed to significantly distinguish the spatial and temporal
heterogeneity of the distribution of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and
Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens pallens respectively. This may be
because McNaughton index uses the overall occurrence frequency. Although
the distribution heterogeneity is considered, the resolution is not
enough to distinguish. The Time-Space index is significantly lower than
Berger Parker index, which may be because the resolution of distribution
heterogeneity is improved after the spatio-temporal factors are
separated. There are also some problems in the application of
Time-Space. The balance of the survey point settings will affect the
index results.
Conclusion
The Time-Space index has significantly improved the resolution of
species distribution heterogeneity, and can better reflect the true
state of relative dominance among species.
[1] Fung T, Villain L, Chisholm R A. Analytical formulae for
computing dominance from species-abundance distributions [J]. J
Theor Biol, 2015, 386: 147-58.
[2] Simpson E H. Measurement of Diversity [J]. Nature, 1949,
163: 688.
[3] Ma Z, Ellison A M. A unified concept of dominance applicable at
both community and species scales [J]. Ecosphere, 2018, 9(11).
[4] Austin M P. Relationship among functional properties of
California grassland [J]. Nature, 1968, 217: 163.
[5] Sun P P, Pan Y L, Liu X, et al. Structure of Zooplankton
Community and Its Relation with Environmental Factors in Rongcheng
Adjacent Waters[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,
2019, 10: 6.
[6] Shen Y, Sun J, Lan C J, et al. Effects of different land use
types on mosquito community [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012,
31(07): 1751-5.
[7] Wuxi Municipal Bureau of Statistics, Wuxi Survey Team of the
National Bureau of Statistics. Wuxi Statistical Yearbook, 2022 [M].
China Statistics Press, 2022.