Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Professor Gini Ehungu Jean-Lambert and Doctor
Domo Nina from the University Clinics of Kinshasa, Doctors Numbi Marcel
and Iye Sandra from the University Clinics of Lubumbashi for their
contribution in carrying out this work.
REFERENCES
- Ortiz MV, Dunkel IJ. Retinoblastoma. J Child Neurol
2016;31(2):227–236.
- Abramson DH. Retinoblastoma: Saving life with vision. Annu Rev Med
2014;65(1):171–184.
- Singh G, Daniels AB. Disparities in Retinoblastoma presentation,
treatment, and outcomes in developed and less-developed countries.
Semin Ophthalmol 2016;31(4):310–316.
- Weaver MS, Heminger CL, Lam CG. Integrating stages of change models to
cast new vision on interventions to improve global retinoblastoma and
childhood cancer outcomes. BMC Public Health 2014;14(1):1–12.
- Friedrich P, Lam CG, Itriago E, et al. Magnitude of treatment
abandonment in childhood cancer. PLoS One 2015;10(9) ):e0135230.
- Naseripour M. “Retinoblastoma survival disparity”: the expanding
horizon in developing countries. Saudi J Ophthalmol
2012;26(2):157–161.
- Olteanu C, Dimaras H. Enucleation refusal for retinoblastoma: a global
study. Ophthalmic Genet 2016;37(2):137–43.
- Abramson DH, Shields CL, Munier FL, Chantada GL. Treatment of
retinoblastoma in 2015: agreement and disagreement. JAMA Ophthalmol
2015;133(11):1341–1347.
- Chawla B, Singh R. Recent advances and challenges in the management of
retinoblastoma. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 2017;65(2):133–139.
- Aerts I, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Gauthier-Villars M, Brisse H, Doz F.
Retinoblastoma update. Arch Pediatr 2016;23(1):112–116.
- Rodriguez-Galindo C, Orbach DB, Vanderveen D. Retinoblastoma. Pediatr
Clin North Am 2015;62(1):201–223.
- Traoré F, Sylla F, Togo B, et al. Treatment of retinoblastoma in
Sub-Saharan Africa: experience of the paediatric oncology unit at
Gabriel Toure Teaching Hospital and the Institute of African Tropical
Ophthalmology, Bamako, Mali. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018;65(8):e27101.
- Mansell R, Purssell E. Treatment abandonment in children with cancer
in Sub-Saharan Africa: systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Journal of Advanced Nursing 2018;74:800–808.
- Howard SC, Zaidi A, Cao X, et al. The My Child Matters programme:
effect of public–private partnerships on paediatric cancer care in
low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Oncol
2018;19(5):e252–66.
- French African Pediatric Oncology Group (GFAOP) Accessed: 2020-07-15
https://www.gfaop.org/recherche-clinique.php.
- Ye H, Du Y, Chen R, et al. The potential benefit of three vs. six
cycles of carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine in postenucleation
high-risk patients with IRSS stage I retinoblastoma. Curr Eye Res 2016
;41(11):1507–1512.
- Mallipatna AC, Sutherland JE, Gallie BL, Chan H, Héon E. Management
and outcome of unilateral retinoblastoma. J AAPOS 2009
;13(6):546–550.
- Subramaniam S, Rahmat J, Rahman NA, et al. Presentation of
retinoblastoma patients in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
2014;15(18):7863–7867.
- Ali AA, Elsheikh SM, Elhaj A, et al. Clinical presentation and outcome
of retinoblastoma among children treated at the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) in Gezira, Sudan: a single institution experience.
Ophthalmic Genet 2011;32(2):122–125.
- Boubacar T, Fatou S, Fousseyni T, et al. A 30-month prospective study
on the treatment of retinoblastoma in the Gabriel Toure Teaching
Hospital, Bamako, Mali. Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94(4):467–469.
- Venturi C, Bracco S, Cerase A, et al. Superselective ophthalmic artery
infusion of melphalan for intraocular retinoblastoma: Preliminary
results from 140 treatments. Acta Ophthalmol 2013;91(4):335–342.
- Sambo LG, Kirigia JM, Orem JN. Health financing in the African Region:
2000-2009 data analysis. Int Arch Med 2013;6(1):10.
- Balique H. Public hospital in French-speaking Africa. Med Trop(Mars)
2004;64(6):545–551.
- Bekibele CO, Ayede AI, Asaolu OO, Brown BJ. Retinoblastoma: the
challenges of management in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol
2009;31(8):552–555.
- Traore F, Togo B, Sylla F, et al. Retinoblastoma: inventory in Mali
and program to develop early diagnosis, treatments and rehabilitation.
Bull Cancer 2013;100(2):161–165.
- Domingo RED, Toledo MSW, Mante BVL. Psychosocial factors influencing
parental decision to allow or refuse potentially lifesaving
enucleation in children with retinoblastoma. Asia-Pacific J Oncol Nurs
2017;4(3):191-196.
- Bhargav A, Singh U, Trehan A, Zadeng Z, Bansal D. Female sex,
bilateral disease, age below 3 years, and apprehension for enucleation
contribute to treatment abandonment in retinoblastoma. J Pediatr
Hematol Oncol 2017;39(5):e249–253.
- Kumar A, Moulik NR, Mishra RK, Kumar D. Causes, outcome and prevention
of abandonment in retinoblastoma in India. Pediatr Blood Cancer
2013;60(5):771–775.
- Radhakrishnan V, Kashyap S, Pushker N, et al. Outcome, pathologic
findings, and compliance in orbital retinoblastoma (International
Retinoblastoma Staging System stage III) treated with neoadjuvant
chemotherapy: a prospective study. Ophthalmology
2012;119(7):1470–1477.
- Al-Obaid JA, Al-Megbel Y. Factors influencing retinoblastoma
patients/siblings compliance with clinic appointments. Saudi Med J
2006;27(10):1561–1566.
- Luna-Fineman S, Chantada G, Alejos A, et al. Delayed enucleation with
neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced intraocular unilateral
retinoblastoma: AHOPCA II, a prospective, multi-institutional protocol
in Central America. J Clin Oncol 2019;37(31):2875–2882.
- Howard SC, Pedrosa M, Lins M, et al. Establishment of a pediatric
oncology program and outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic
leukemia in a resource-poor area. JAMA 2008;291(20):2471–2475.
- Su WW, Kao LY. Retinoblastoma in Taiwan: The effect of a
government-sponsored national health insurance program on the
treatment and survival of patients with retinoblastoma. J Pediatr
Ophthalmol Strabismus 2006;43(6):358–362.
- Cassoux N, Lumbroso L, Levy-Gabriel C, Aerts I, Doz F, Desjardins L.
Retinoblastoma: update on current management. Asia-Pacific J
Ophthalmol (Phila) 2017;6(3):290–295.
- Tomar AS, Finger PT, Gallie B, et al. A multicenter, international
collaborative study for American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging of
Retinoblastoma: Part I: metastasis-associated mortality. Ophthalmology
2020;127(12):1719-1732.
- Joko-Fru WY, Parkin DM, Borok M, et al. Survival from childhood
cancers in Eastern Africa: a population-based registry study. Int J
Cancer 2018;143(10):2409–2415.
- Global Retinoblastoma Study Group, Fabian ID, Abdallah E, et al.
Global retinoblastoma presentation and analysis by national income
level. JAMA Oncol 2020;6(5):685-695.
- Andreoli MT, Chau FY, Shapiro MJ, Leiderman YI. Epidemiological trends
in 1452 cases of retinoblastoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology,
and End Results (SEER) registry. Can J Ophthalmol 2017;52(6):592–598.
- Rajeshuni N, Whittemore AS, Ludwig CA, Mruthyunjaya P, Moshfeghi DM.
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in retinoblastoma
enucleation: a population-based study, SEER 18 2000-2014. Am J
Ophthalmol 2019;207:215–223.
- World Health Organization. Global initiative for childhood cancer
2020. Available from:
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/global-initiative-for-childhood-cancer.
Accessed:2022-03-04