Table 1. Cases of subcutaneous and muscular abscesses caused by Candida albicans published in the literature
Author (Year)
Sex/age
Risk Factors for Candida Infection
Underlying Medical Condition
Localization
Imaging findings (Ultrasound, CT, MRI)
Treatment
Sur-gery
Nelp 28 (1963) 17/ F Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, Daily injection of insulin diabetes mellitus, thighs _ Nitrofurazone gauze in abscesses cavities +
Mochizuki et al. 29 (1988)
59/ M
2-month hospitalization (bedridden)
subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial surgery (4 times)
Left Knee (3x11 cm subcutaneous abscess)
_
Miconazole, Amphotericin-B
-
Manfredi et al. 30 (1997)
36/ M
Progressive HIV-related immunocompromise, IV-drug abuser, peripheral sensory neuropathy, advanced liver cirrhosis, chronic HBV infection (treated with zidovudine (500 mg daily) for 6 months)
AIDS
right upper thoracic wall (5 cm)
Chest X-ray and an ultrasonographic examination confirmed an isolated subcutaneous abscess
oral itraconazole
_
Tuon et al. 31 (2006) 32/M Tuberculosis gastrointestinal surgery, short bowel syndrome Skin abscess - fluconazole +
Florescu et al. 32 (2010) 50/M Immunosuppression (Mycophenolate mofetil 1.5 g twice a day, prednisone 5 mg/d and a day, prednisone 5 mg/d Cardiac transplant recipient, on trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment for cerebral nocardiosis subcutaneous abscesses of legs MRI: cellulites and a medial fluid collection (4* 1.5cm) CT: large (5*3*7 cm) multiloculated fluid collection in the posterior leg Moxifloxacin, Fluconazole; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole _
Buchanan et al. 33 (2013) 55/M central catheter placement gunshot wounds neck CT: multiseptated abscess of the left lower neck and left supraclavicular region anidulafungin +
Kakeya et al. 34 (2014) 50/ M Immunosuppression (40 mg/day of hydrocortisone, 0.5 mg/day of dexamethasone) Right adrenalectomy, daily corticosteroid replacement, Cushing’s syndrome, pulmonary cryptococcosis subcutaneous abscesses of legs MRI: rounded fluid-collection signal in the soft tissue of the legs Fluconazole +
Musa et al. 35 (2014)
67/M
diabetes mellitus
-
retropharyngeal region
Lateral neck x-ray: widening of soft tissue of prevertebral area with area of lucency indicating air content CT: ill-defined thin rim-enhancing hypodense collection
oral Fluconazole
+
Peker et al. 36 (2015)
68/ M
diabetes mellitus
buccal-space infection
left cheek
Panoramic radiograph: extensive bone loss between the teeth related with buccal abscess MRI: fluid accumulation compatible with an abscess located in the area of masticatory muscle structures reaching the left infraorbital region
Amphotericin-B and oral fluconazole
_
Messina et al. 37 (2015)
42/M
Immunosuppression
HIV-seropositive
right chest wall
Ultrasound: heterogeneous mass with irregular contours with echogenic stippling and hypo echoic area in intimate contact with the muscular plane CT: liquid collection in relation to the anterior chest wall with air bubbles
Fluconazole
+
Kothari et al. 38 (2016) 42/ M Chemotherapy (darubicin, cytarabine and cytarabine), neutropenic acute myeloid leukemia arms, chest, back and legs, spleen CT: splenomegaly and multiple hypodense nodules FDG PET: splenomegaly with diffuse uptake in the spleen Micafungin, voriconazole _
Amita et al. 39 (2017) 60/ M diabetes mellitus tuberculosis right forearm - Intravenous antifungal drug _
Yi et al. 40 (2019) 60/ M myelosuppressive chemotherapy acute granulomonocytic leukemia subcutaneous abscess of calves, splenic abscess CT: multiple hypodense lesions in the spleen MRI: multiple subcutaneous abscesses in the calves Amphotericin-B flucytosine _
Sung et al. 41 (2021) 57/ F type 2 diabetes mellitus blunt eyelid trauma with self-administered acupuncture facial candidal abscess CT: soft tissue swelling in the left periorbital area fluconazole +
Yoshihara et al. 42 (2022)
42/ F
Hashimoto’s disease
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 9 months prior to admission
lower left rib in the anterior chest wall
Contrast-enhanced CT: the fluid density area around the lower left side of rib (6.5 cm in diameter)
Micafungin, fluconazole
+
Current study (2023)
14/M
acute myeloid leukemia M3 type (Treated with daunorubicin, ATRA and later with Arsenic trioxide)
acute myeloid leukemia M3 type
arms, buttocks, thighs, calves, and plantar surface of feet
Ultrasonography: multiple thick walled cystic lesions containing some internal echogenic material, Multiple target shaped and some hypoechoic lesions were also observed in liver and spleen MRI: numerous iso to hyper signal on T1 and hyper signal on T2 weighted oval lesions with hyposignal rim within different muscles
Amphotericin-B and Fluconazole
+