References
Al-Hasani R, & Bruchas MR (2011). Molecular mechanisms of opioid
receptor-dependent signaling and behavior. Anesthesiology 115:
1363-1381.
Daaka Y (2004). G proteins in cancer: the prostate cancer paradigm. Sci
STKE 2004: re2.
Gregory KJ (2020). Commentary on ”Morphine-induced respiratory
depression is independent of beta-arrestin2 signalling”. Br J Pharmacol
177: 2904-2905.
Herlitze S, Garcia DE, Mackie K, Hille B, Scheuer T, & Catterall WA
(1996). Modulation of Ca2+ channels by G-protein beta gamma subunits.
Nature 380: 258-262.
FDA Briefing Document Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Products Advisory
Committee (AADPAC). [Online] Available from
https://www.fda.gov/media/121233/download [Accessed].
Hill R, Disney A, Conibear A, Sutcliffe K, Dewey W, Husbands S, et al.
(2018). The novel mu-opioid receptor agonist PZM21 depresses respiration
and induces tolerance to antinociception. Br J Pharmacol 175: 2653-2661.
Kimura S, Ohi Y, & Haji A (2015). Blockade of phosphodiesterase 4
reverses morphine-induced ventilatory disturbance without loss of
analgesia. Life Sci 127: 32-38.
Kliewer A, Gillis A, Hill R, Schmiedel F, Bailey C, Kelly E, et al.
(2020). Morphine-induced respiratory depression is independent of
β-arrestin2 signalling. Br J Pharmacol 177: 2923-2931.
Laporte SA, Oakley RH, Zhang J, Holt JA, Ferguson SS, Caron MG, et al.
(1999). The beta2-adrenergic receptor/betaarrestin complex recruits the
clathrin adaptor AP-2 during endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:
3712-3717.
Liang X, Yong Z, & Su R (2018). Inhibition of protein kinase A and GIRK
channel reverses fentanyl-induced respiratory depression. Neurosci Lett
677: 14-18.
Luttrell LM, & Lefkowitz RJ (2002). The role of beta-arrestins in the
termination and transduction of G-protein-coupled receptor signals. J
Cell Sci 115: 455-465.
Morgan MM, Tran A, Wescom RL, & Bobeck EN (2020). Differences in
antinociceptive signalling mechanisms following morphine and fentanyl
microinjections into the rat periaqueductal gray. Eur J Pain 24:
617-624.
Mosca EV, Ciechanski P, Roy A, Scheibli EC, Ballanyi K, & Wilson RJ
(2014). Methylxanthine reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression
in the neonatal rat: mechanism and location of action. Respir Physiol
Neurobiol 200: 80-89.
Raehal KM, Walker JK, & Bohn LM (2005). Morphine side effects in
beta-arrestin 2 knockout mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 314: 1195-1201.
Ricarte A, Dalton JAR, & Giraldo J (2021). Structural Assessment of
Agonist Efficacy in the μ-Opioid Receptor: Morphine and Fentanyl Elicit
Different Activation Patterns. J Chem Inf Model 61: 1251-1274.
Ruangkittisakul A, & Ballanyi K (2010). Methylxanthine reversal of
opioid-evoked inspiratory depression via phosphodiesterase-4 blockade.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 172: 94-105.
Vo QN, Mahinthichaichan P, Shen J, & Ellis CR (2021). How μ-opioid
receptor recognizes fentanyl. Nat Commun 12: 984.