[4].
In a literature review, Iwanaga et al. noticed that VZV reactivation following the COVID-19 vaccines has been reported all over the world and with different vaccine types a few months after COVID-19 commercialization.[5]
The VZV reactivation prevention relies on cell-mediated immunity. Decreasing cell-mediated immunity is associated with a decline in VZV-specific T cells, disrupting immune control and rising the risk of reactivation [6]. In addition, a decline in major class1-histocompatibility complex results in the inhibition of interferon response serves as an antiviral, hence triggering the viral replication [1]. This immune system downregulation is affected by age as the major risk factor for 90% of cases of shingle[6]. In addition to the immunosenescence, trauma, malignancy, chronic kidney and liver disease, HIV infection, and immunosuppressive therapy predispose to the virus reactivation